Modelling development and analysis on the Balanced Energy Networks (BEN) in London

Network configurations for implemented low-temperature district heating

“…Some implemented examples of the Cold CHC configuration with internal heat recovery are Paris-Saclay University since 2019, as described in Refs. [58,59], Lund-Medicon Village since 2018 [60], and London-LSBU since 2018 [61]. However, the LSBU system is planned for the CHC configuration, but has not yet utilised heat recovery from the chillers.…”

Identification of key performance indicators and complimentary load profiles for 5th generation district energy networks

“…However small systems are both in operation and under construction. One of the first in the UK is present at the London South Bank university, which uses a cold water network to exchange heat between two tower blocks and is supported by aquifer thermal abstraction [36]. This is an example of an integrated system which uses thermal storage, smart demand side response and time of use tariffs to minimise the effect electrification of heat can have on the national electrical grid.…”

Survey of 53 Fifth‐Generation District Heating and Cooling (5GDHC) Networks in Germany

“…There are many theoretical studies on 5GDHC systems, which mainly focus on the development of simulation [ 4,8–11 ] and mathematical optimization models. [ 1,12 ] Some studies present operational optimization models, [ 13,14 ] while other publications provide real‐world experience from a practical planning perspective: Zeh et al [ 15 ] discuss the planning of the 5GDHC network in Wüstenrot (Germany) and their experience with installing the first large‐scale agrothermal collector with a used land area of 4400 m 2 and a depth of 1.5 m. The Wüstenrot district is also discussed by Brennenstuhl et al [ 16 ] They also provide detailed information about two other geothermal collector systems in the cities Neustadt am Rübenberge and Bad Nauheim.…”

“…They are also called anergy networks [ 1 ] (in Switzerland: Anergienetze), ambient loops, [ 2 ] tampered water loops (in French: Boucle d'eau tempérée), cold district heating [ 3 ] (in German: kalte Nahwärme), or balanced energy networks. [ 4 ] A summary of the different terms and a classification of different systems are presented in refs. [5,6].…”

“…

There are many theoretical studies on 5GDHC systems, which mainly focus on the development of simulation [4,[8][9][10][11] and mathematical optimization models. [1,12] Some studies present operational optimization models, [13,14] while other publications provide real-world experience from a practical planning perspective: Zeh et al [15] discuss the planning of the 5GDHC network in

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