Modelling and reduction of noise in transition edge sensor detectors

Goldie, D. J.; Audley, M. D.; Glowacka, D.; Tsaneva, V.; Withington, S.

doi:10.1117/12.787764

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…According to (38), the n'th element of the leading diagonal of H corresponds to the total power absorbed when single source n illuminates the sample. The off-diagonal terms describe the fringe when a pair of phase coherent sources n and n ′ are used.…”

Section: B Interferometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our own preferred approach is to attach the SUT to a micromachined SiN membrane, which also supports a thin-film temperature sensor. Such devices have been developed extensively for astronomical detectors, and when used at low temperatures can achieve extreme sensitivity [37,38]. Our detectors [39] can detect absorbed powers of much less than 1 fW with noise levels of 1x10 −19 WHz −1/2 , making extreme thermometry of thin-film structures entirely possible.…”

Section: Practical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Probing the dynamical behavior of surface dipoles through energy-absorption interferometry

Withington

Thomas

2012

Phys. Rev. A

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Spatial interferometry, based on the measurement of total absorbed power, can be used to determine the state of coherence of the electromagnetic field to which any energy-absorbing structure is sensitive. The measured coherence tensor can be diagonalized to give the amplitude, phase, polarization patterns, and responsivities of the individual electromagnetic modes through which the structure can absorb energy. Because the electromagnetic modes are intimately related to dynamical modes of the system, information about collective excitations can be found. We present simulations, based on the Discrete Dipole Approximation (DDA), showing how the dynamical modes of systems of surface dipoles can be recovered. Interactions are taken into consideration, leading to long-range coherent phenomena, which are revealed by the method. The use of DDA enables the interferometric response of a wide variety of objects to be modeled, from patterned photonic films to biological macromolecules.

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Section: B Interferometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Practical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing the dynamical behavior of surface dipoles through energy-absorption interferometry

Withington

Thomas

2012

Phys. Rev. A

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Thermal models and noise in transition edge sensors

Goldie

Audley

Glowacka

et al. 2009

Journal of Applied Physics

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Detectors based on transition edge sensors (TESs) must achieve theoretically predicted noise levels if they are to be suitable for the next generation of space-borne astronomical telescopes. The noise of an ideal detector is determined by the sum of three contributions: (i) thermal-fluctuation noise in the heat link to the bath, (ii) Johnson noise in the sensor itself, and (iii) noise in the electrical read-out circuit. Many groups have reported TESs with noise levels significantly above the theoretical predictions. We use two well-defined experimental configurations to measure the read-out noise spectra of Mo–Cu TESs with transition temperatures of 370 and 200mK. The TESs are geometrically simple, comprising superconducting and normal metal films on a silicon nitride (SiNx) membrane. The measurements are compared with a multiparameter noise model, which is based on a physical model of the thin-film devices. Taking into consideration separate, accurate measurements of the heat capacity of identical SiNx membranes, we are able to provide a good account of both the magnitude and frequency dependences of the measured current-noise spectra. We find that an important excess noise mechanism involves the random exchange of heat between the heat capacity of the bilayer and the heat capacity of the nitride membrane, with either the thermal conductance of the membrane, or in some cases the thermal conductance of the bilayer, being the mediating path. Clear design recommendations are given to achieve the best possible noise performance.

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On-chip characterization of low-noise microstrip-coupled transition edge sensors

Rostem

Goldie

Withington

et al. 2009

Journal of Applied Physics

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Transition edge sensors (TESs) are used extensively in millimeter-wave and submillimeter-wave astronomy. The next technological push is to reduce the noise equivalent powers from 10−17 to 10−20 W Hz−1/2 in order to take full advantage of the exceptionally low backgrounds associated with cooled-aperture space telescopes. We describe a lab-on-a-chip (LoC) for measuring the small-signal and noise properties of ultralow-noise microstrip-coupled TESs. The LoC comprises two suspended SiNx membranes, one of which supports a single-mode, variable-temperature blackbody source, and the other a microstrip-coupled TES. The two devices are connected by a superconducting microstrip transmission line. The temperature of the source is determined by Johnson noise thermometry using superconducting quantum interference device readout. In this paper, we describe the theory, layout, operation, and calibration of the experimental system and report on two prototype devices. The LoC concept has many advantages, and already we have been able to assess the optical efficiencies of our TESs. We have started to gain an appreciation of the losses associated with 100–300 GHz microminiature superconducting microstrip transmission lines at low temperatures. The next phase of our work is to apply the technique to ultralow-noise detectors, to study fluctuation phenomena in multimode devices, and to investigate the behavior of more complicated integrated circuits.

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Modelling and reduction of noise in transition edge sensor detectors

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

Probing the dynamical behavior of surface dipoles through energy-absorption interferometry

Probing the dynamical behavior of surface dipoles through energy-absorption interferometry

Thermal models and noise in transition edge sensors

On-chip characterization of low-noise microstrip-coupled transition edge sensors

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