Modeling the risk of livestock depredation by jaguar along the Transamazon highway, Brazil

Carvalho, Elildo A.R.; Zarco‐González, Martha M.; Monroy‐Vilchis, Octavio; Morato, Ronaldo Gonçalves

doi:10.1016/j.baae.2015.03.005

Cited by 32 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…, Carvalho et al. ). Jaguars usually hunt grazing livestock that can freely disperse (Zarco‐González et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cattle were placed in open pastures at the start of the dry season and dispersed throughout the study area during the remainder of the season. Thus, at the start of the dry season, cattle are clustered and in high densities making them susceptible to depredation by jaguars (Zarco-Gonz alez et al 2013, Carvalho et al 2015. Jaguars usually hunt grazing livestock that can freely disperse (Zarco-Gonz alez et al 2013); thus, jaguars likely stayed within or near to dense cover while evaluating livestock in the open fields.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of behavioral state, sex, and season on resource selection by jaguars (Panthera onca): Always on the prowl?

et al. 2018

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How a predator uses its landscape to move through its territory and acquire prey is a fundamental question for scientific research. The influence of abiotic and biotic factors on space use of large carnivores has profound implications for their future management and conservation. In the Pantanal, Brazil, jaguars (Panthera onca) are the apex predator, but conflicts with cattle depredations pose a risk to their future conservation. We examined whether behavioral state, sex, and season influenced how jaguars used the landscape in the Pantanal. To accomplish this, we radio‐collared four females and six males; radio‐collared jaguars were monitored for 76 radio‐months with 11,787 GPS locations acquired. We developed resource selection functions (RSFs) examining how female and male jaguars used their landscape during three behavioral states (moving, killing native prey, killing cattle) during two seasons (dry, wet). From the RSF models, we found similar variables and relationships of landscape characteristics that jaguars selected for when moving and when depredating native prey and cattle. While moving, jaguars selected for locations that were either in dense cover or very near dense cover, with higher plant diversity and closer to water than available across the landscape. While null models suggested jaguars opportunistically depredated native prey in the dry season and cattle in the wet season, there was some indication they selected for specific landscape characteristics, mainly dense cover when killing cattle in the dry season and native prey in the wet season. Both sexes killed native prey and cattle within dense cover or close to dense cover as expected of an ambush predator. Particular habitat types were not important as long as there was dense cover for concealment. Additionally, jaguars killed prey closer to water than was available on the landscape. The similar variables across the models showed the importance of dense cover and distance to dense cover during all three behavioral states indicating jaguars in the Pantanal were “always on the prowl.” Understanding the spatial requirements for jaguars during the acquisition of native prey and cattle may lead to improved management strategies to allow for continued coexistence of jaguars in an area of traditional cattle production.

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“…, Carvalho et al. ). Jaguars usually hunt grazing livestock that can freely disperse (Zarco‐González et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of behavioral state, sex, and season on resource selection by jaguars (Panthera onca): Always on the prowl?

et al. 2018

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“…A larger home range in terrestrial male carnivores has been suggested to be bounded by the distribution of females and the need to increase mating/reproductive opportunities [63]. Female home range size is known to be shaped by the distribution of food availability, which is particularly important for successful reproduction, including gestation and care of offspring [65]. Our findings reinforce these observations, with female jaguar movement paths being proportionally more tortuous (represented by smaller velocity autocorrelation timescale) with smaller average distances traveled per day when compared with males that are likely to take greater risks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our study, jaguar space use increased in areas with higher human population presence and higher levels of habitat loss. While jaguar have been frequently reported to prey on livestock [65], it is unclear if high livestock densities affect jaguar movement decisions. Kanda (2015) [24], for example, observed that livestock did not influence jaguar movement decisions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space Use and Movement of a Neotropical Top Predator: The Endangered Jaguar

et al. 2016

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Accurately estimating home range and understanding movement behavior can provide important information on ecological processes. Advances in data collection and analysis have improved our ability to estimate home range and movement parameters, both of which have the potential to impact species conservation. Fitting continuous-time movement model to data and incorporating the autocorrelated kernel density estimator (AKDE), we investigated range residency of forty-four jaguars fit with GPS collars across five biomes in Brazil and Argentina. We assessed home range and movement parameters of range resident animals and compared AKDE estimates with kernel density estimates (KDE). We accounted for differential space use and movement among individuals, sex, region, and habitat quality. Thirty-three (80%) of collared jaguars were range resident. Home range estimates using AKDE were 1.02 to 4.80 times larger than KDE estimates that did not consider autocorrelation. Males exhibited larger home ranges, more directional movement paths, and a trend towards larger distances traveled per day. Jaguars with the largest home ranges occupied the Atlantic Forest, a biome with high levels of deforestation and high human population density. Our results fill a gap in the knowledge of the species’ ecology with an aim towards better conservation of this endangered/critically endangered carnivore—the top predator in the Neotropics.

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“…Yet, much research has been driven by natural scientists seeking to predict and map risk from wildlife encounters to target people or problem animals 7 , 14 . As statistical advances and the inclusion of social data improve the practical value of these methods, it is pertinent to move away from single-model techniques 6 , 7 , 15 , and ensure that socio-ecological insights are translated into mitigation efforts 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing human-tiger conflict using socio-ecological information on tolerance and risk

et al. 2018

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Tigers are critically endangered due to deforestation and persecution. Yet in places, Sumatran tigers (Panthera tigris sumatrae) continue to coexist with people, offering insights for managing wildlife elsewhere. Here, we couple spatial models of encounter risk with information on tolerance from 2386 Sumatrans to reveal drivers of human–tiger conflict. Risk of encountering tigers was greater around populated villages that neighboured forest or rivers connecting tiger habitat; geographic profiles refined these predictions to three core areas. People’s tolerance for tigers was related to underlying attitudes, emotions, norms and spiritual beliefs. Combining this information into socio-ecological models yielded predictions of tolerance that were 32 times better than models based on social predictors alone. Pre-emptive intervention based on these socio-ecological predictions could have averted up to 51% of attacks on livestock and people, saving 15 tigers. Our work provides further evidence of the benefits of interdisciplinary research on conservation conflicts.

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Modeling the risk of livestock depredation by jaguar along the Transamazon highway, Brazil

Cited by 32 publications

References 37 publications

Influence of behavioral state, sex, and season on resource selection by jaguars (Panthera onca): Always on the prowl?

Influence of behavioral state, sex, and season on resource selection by jaguars (Panthera onca): Always on the prowl?

Space Use and Movement of a Neotropical Top Predator: The Endangered Jaguar

Addressing human-tiger conflict using socio-ecological information on tolerance and risk

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