Modeling the potential health benefits of lower household air pollution after a hypothetical liquified petroleum gas (LPG) cookstove intervention

Steenland, Kyle; Pillarisetti, Ajay; Kirby, Miles A.; Peel, Jennifer L.; Clark, Maggie L.; Checkley, William; Chang, Howard H.; Clasen, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2017.11.018

Cited by 54 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…[29] Prior estimates of an LPG intervention effect were around 70 µg/m 3 . [30] Despite the fact that we provided a 3-month supply of free LPG gas cylinders, it is likely that some continued used of biomass fuel (stove stacking) and air pollution from neighboring households increased PM 2.5 exposure above what we would have observed with only gas fuel use. The new indirect microenvironment exposure approach in our study has a number of advantages over typical indirect exposure assessment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

The use of bluetooth low energy Beacon systems to estimate indirect personal exposure to household air pollution

Liao

McCracken²,

Piedrahita

et al. 2019

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Household air pollution (HAP) generated from solid fuel combustion is a major health risk. Direct measurement of exposure to HAP is burdensome and challenging, particularly for children. In a pilot study of the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial in rural Guatemala, we evaluated an indirect exposure assessment method that employs fixed continuous PM 2.5 monitors, Bluetooth signal receivers in multiple microenvironments (kitchen, sleeping area and outdoor patio), and a wearable signal emitter to track an individual's time within those microenvironments. Over a four-month period, we measured microenvironmental locations and reconstructed indirect PM 2.5 exposures for women and children during two 24-h periods before and two periods after a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stove and fuel intervention delivered to 20 households cooking with woodstoves. Women wore personal PM 2.5 monitors to compare direct with indirect exposure measurements. Indirect exposure measurements had high correlation with direct measurements (n = 62, Spearman ρ = 0.83, PM 2.5 concentration range: 5-528 µg/m 3). Indirect exposure had better agreement with direct exposure measurements (bias: −17 µg/m 3) than did kitchen area measurements (bias: −89 µg/m 3). Our findings demonstrate that indirect exposure reconstruction is a feasible approach to estimate personal exposure when direct assessment is not possible.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

The use of bluetooth low energy Beacon systems to estimate indirect personal exposure to household air pollution

Liao

McCracken²,

Piedrahita

et al. 2019

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…The study calculated approximately 7.2 million tons of national fuelwood displacement from increased LPG adoption (primary and secondary use) associated with a net emissions reduction of 6.73 Mt CO 2 -equivalent, assuming 0.3 as fNRB. Besides, other studies in the literature have done similar scenariobased analyses of health (e.g., Steenland et al 2018) and climate emissions impacts of household cooking fuel transitions, but not primarily focusing on LPG. Anenberg et al (2017) performed a similar study on clean cookstove programs in Mozambique with four illustrative and schematic scenarios, including one on LPG adoption in urban areas.…”

Section: Componentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health and Climate Impacts of Scaling Adoption of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) for Clean Household Cooking in Cameroon: A Modeling Study

Kypridemos

Puzzolo

Aamaas

et al. 2020

Environ Health Perspect

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BACKGROUND: The Cameroon government has set a target that, by 2030, 58% of the population will be using Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) as a cooking fuel, in comparison with less than 20% in 2014. The National LPG Master Plan (Master Plan) was developed for scaling up the LPG sector to achieve this target. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to estimate the potential impacts of this planned LPG expansion (the Master Plan) on population health and climate change mitigation, assuming primary, sustained use of LPG for daily cooking. METHODS: We applied existing and developed new mathematical models to calculate the health and climate impacts of expanding LPG primary adoption for household cooking in Cameroon over two periods: a) short-term (2017-2030): Comparing the Master Plan 58% target with a counterfactual LPG adoption of 32% in 2030, in line with current trends; and b) long-term (2031-2100, climate modeling only), assuming Cameroon will become a mature and saturated LPG market by 2100 (73% adoption, based on Latin American countries). We compared this with a counterfactual adoption of 41% by 2100, in line with current trends. RESULTS: By 2030, successful implementation of the Master Plan was estimated to avert about 28,000 (minimum = 22,000, maximum = 35,000) deaths and 770,000 (minimum = 580,000 maximum = 1 million) disability-adjusted life years. For the same period, we estimated reductions in pollutant emissions of more than a third in comparison with the counterfactual, leading to a global cooling of −0:1 milli C in 2030. For 2100, a cooling impact from the Master Plan leading to market saturation (73%) was estimated to be −0:70 milli C in comparison with to the counterfactual, with a range of −0:64 to −0:93 milli C based on different fractions of nonrenewable biomass. DISCUSSION: Successful implementation of the Master Plan could have significant positive impacts on population health in Cameroon with no adverse impacts on climate.

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“…Steenland et al reviewed the existing LPG literature to create likely particulate matter exposure levels accounting for both exposure and exposure response uncertainty. Partial adoption of LPG results in exposure rates of compared to 270 from biomass [48]. These ranges were then utilized to model associated LPG health outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Value of Community Technology Workers in LPG Adoption: A pilot in Shirati, Tanzania

Wiehl¹,

Sievers²,

Kammen³

2020

Preprint

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Background: The issue of clean cooking lies at the nexus of environmental engineering, environmental health, pollution, energy access, gender and household dynamics, behavioral sciences and international development. In Tanzania, approximately 96% of the population relies on polluting or “unclean” fuels for cooking. Moving away from firewood and charcoal has proven challenging due to low adoption of clean stoves. Here we investigate the application of community health workers, an existing community engagement model for health systems, to clean cooking adoption. We implemented a pilot study with Community Technology Workers as a means to overcome maintenance, education, and behavioral barriers. We evaluated the training, work, and impact of a CTW on stove adoption on a sample of 30 households over a one-year period. Technically trained local CTWs educated thirty families on the Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) stove and conducted weekly check-in surveys.Results: The results from the mixed methodology approach show that families initially have very high rates (100%) of adoption, but as the issues of poverty, other obligations, and sickness arise, roughly 70% of families present sustained, regular refilling of LPG cylinders.Conclusions: The findings imply the feasibility of this type of community infrastructure model to promote and facilitate adoption, but also supports the need to couple this local support with financial mechanisms (e.g. a savings bank). The support from these community trainers paired with these high rates of adoption have large implications for this model’s use in rural, poor areas to increase LPG use and adoption.

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Modeling the potential health benefits of lower household air pollution after a hypothetical liquified petroleum gas (LPG) cookstove intervention

Abstract: An LPG stove intervention, while not likely to lower exposure to the WHO interim target level, is still likely to offer important health benefits.

Cited by 54 publications

References 63 publications

The use of bluetooth low energy Beacon systems to estimate indirect personal exposure to household air pollution

The use of bluetooth low energy Beacon systems to estimate indirect personal exposure to household air pollution

Health and Climate Impacts of Scaling Adoption of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) for Clean Household Cooking in Cameroon: A Modeling Study

The Value of Community Technology Workers in LPG Adoption: A pilot in Shirati, Tanzania

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