Modeling the effects of rainfall on vehicular traffic

Abstract

Traffic management and drainage system are two vital issues for any metropolitan city. Like other big cities, Karachi is also facing problems due to lack of traffic management and poor drainage system. The main objective of the study is to model the interdisciplinary issues of storm water and its effect on the traffic of Karachi. The specific objectives are: (1) to calibrate and validate urban hydraulic and traffic micro-simulation models and (2) to model storm water and traffic for future conditions. This study is carried out on a 3-km section of arterial road. In this study, loose coupling of two models is done. For urban drainage, PCSWMM, and for traffic, VISSIM is used. Both models are calibrated for an existing situation on rainfall event of August 3, 2013, and then used for prediction of future scenario based on 50-year and 100-year return periods of rainfall. Sensitivity analysis of VISSIM is performed. Locations and lengths of road sections, where ponding happens for the future scenario, are identified using PCSWMM. These lengths are then marked in VISSIM as low-speed areas, and delays are measured. Analysis of PCSWMM shows that for 100-year return period, there is maximum 0.318 ha-m (3180 cubic meters) water stored in the depressions of the road after 10 h of rainfall. Analysis of VISSIM shows that for a 100-year return period, there is a maximum delay of 35 min on NIPA to Hasan Square section of University Road.

Vulnerability and Resilience of Urban Traffic to Precipitation in China

“…These cities have relatively high levels of economic development, and their infrastructure is relatively complete. Although Shanghai is also highly developed in its economy, it is poor in traffic recovery after precipitation, due to its large size and population [ 30 , 31 ].…”

Synergistic Influence of Rainstorm and Waterlogging on Drivers’ Driving Behavior—An Experimental Study Based on High-Fidelity Driving Simulator

“…In these studies, traffic flow data and meteorological data were collected and then the parameters in traffic flow models were calibrated in order to ensure that the calibrated traffic flow model could profile the characteristics of traffic flow under circumstances of rainfall. The Van Aerde model [19], the Greenshields model [20], and the Exponential model [21] were usually selected by scholars. The findings from these studies are similar to those based on classic statistical theories that the free-flow speed, critical speed, and traffic capacity all diminish with increased rainfall intensity.…”

Studying the Effects of Roads Geometry and Design Parameters on the Pavement Drainage System

“…The properties of streets that may have affected driver choices to enter floodwaters and the survivability of individuals in vehicles that did as such and closes by talking about arrangement suggestions are discussed here [11]. Attributes most every now and again present were little upstream catchment length that may impact the pace of ascent of floodwaters; the nonattendance of side of the road blockades; profound floods quickly neighbouring the street; the nonappearance of lighting; plunging street levels that lead floodwaters to increment once a vehicle enters them; the absence of control and guttering and the powerlessness of drivers to effectively pivot.…”

“…Attributes most every now and again present were little upstream catchment length that may impact the pace of ascent of floodwaters; the nonattendance of side of the road blockades; profound floods quickly neighbouring the street; the nonappearance of lighting; plunging street levels that lead floodwaters to increment once a vehicle enters them; the absence of control and guttering and the powerlessness of drivers to effectively pivot. Every one of these elements were seen in at any rate half of the cases examined and give a danger based methods for evaluating different destinations powerless against floods yet where fatalities have not been seen to date [11].…”