Modeling of the spatial distribution of the vector Aedes Aegypti, transmitter of the Zika Virus in continental Ecuador by the application of GIS tools

Abstract

In recent years Ecuador has suffered from the Zika virus. Geo-software and statistical software allowed the probabilistic identification of suitable ecological niche species, such as the vector Aedes aegypti, which is the leading cause of the Zika virus transmission, depending on the dependent and independent variables. These models require pre-weighted input, normalized, and rasterized inputs to continue the validation process to estimate their predictive performance through several statistics such as the confusion matrix or the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC). It resulted that the Maxent method has been with the higher predictive performance with a value of Area Under Curve (AUC) = 0.998, which describes the areas of Zika with a greater probability of the transmission vector resembling the actual distribution of the species as a function of the presence data and the predictor variables. A large part of the Ecuadorian coastal territory yielded a statistical-based, probabilistic presence of the vector, being the most vulnerable before a possible epidemiological risk.

Multitemporal Analysis as a Non-Invasive Technology Indicates a Rapid Change in Land Use in the Amazon: The Case of the ITT Oil Block

“…Deforestation is mainly a man-made phenomenon worldwide due to the expansion of agricultural farmland, migration of people, and other economic interests such as the installation of oil wells [5][6][7][8][9]. Furthermore, deforestation accelerates erosion, loss of soil cover and biodiversity, spreads vector diseases, drought, or hydric deficits, changes tropical land use, increases surface temperature, global warming, and contributes to climate change [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. During the last few decades, scientists have been determining the rate of deforestation in order to inform the public and authorities alike to create awareness regarding such losses that harm human health locally and globally [22][23][24][25].…”