Modeling of high‐frequency oblique propagation and heating in the ionosphere

Hinkel‐Lipsker, D. E.; Shoucri, Merit; Smith, T. M.; Wagner, Tim; Hansen, J. D.; Morales, G. J.

doi:10.1029/93rs01578

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Apart from scientific interest, this problem can also be of practical importance in connection with operation of over-the-horizon high-frequency (HF) radars with high energy potential and use of sufficiently high-power transmitters (tens or hundreds of kilowatts) and directional antennas in long-distance HF broadcasting. We omit some aspects of interaction between highpower oblique radio waves and the ionosphere (see, e.g., [1,2] and references therein). The main emphasis is on the problem of excitation of the small-scale component of artificial ionospheric turbulence in the case of oblique heating and to the influence of this component on the propagation of HF radio waves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field-aligned scattering of HF radio waves under conditions of action of high-power oblique radio waves on the ionosphere

Uryadov

Vertogradov

et al. 2007

Radiophys Quantum El

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We present the results of experimental studies of the features of field-aligned scattering of HF radio waves for different angles of incidence of high-power radio waves on the ionosphere. The amplitude, Doppler frequency shift, and azimuthal and vertical arrival angles of the scattered signals are measured. Calculated ray paths in the magnetoactive ionosphere are compared with experimental data on the scattered-signal reception under conditions of action of high-power oblique radio waves on the ionosphere.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field-aligned scattering of HF radio waves under conditions of action of high-power oblique radio waves on the ionosphere

Uryadov

Vertogradov

et al. 2007

Radiophys Quantum El

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“…The plasma motions in the ionospheric heating are described by the transport model [ Banks and Kockarts , ; Bernhardt and Duncan , ; Hansen et al ., ; Hinkel‐Lipsker et al ., ; Deng et al ., ], which is as follows:

\frac{\partial n_{e}}{\partial t} + \frac{\partial}{\partial s} n_{e} v_{e} = S_{e} + P_{e} - β_{e}

n_{e} v_{e} = prefix- D ({}, \frac{\partial}{\partial s} ([], n_{e} k_{B} ((), T_{e} + T_{i})) + true {true\sum}_{α} m_{α} n_{α} g_{∥})

\frac{3}{2} k_{B} ((), n_{e} \frac{\partial T_{e}}{\partial t} + n_{e} v_{e} \frac{\partial T_{e}}{\partial s}) + k_{B} n_{e} T_{e} \frac{\partial v_{e}}{\partial t} = \frac{\partial}{\partial s} ((), K_{e} \frac{\partial T_{e}}{\partial s}) + Q_{H F} + Q_{0} - L_{e}

where n e is the electron number density and v e is the bulk velocity. T e and T i are the electron and ion temperatures.…”

Section: Theoretical Heating Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The plasma motions in the ionospheric heating are described by the transport model [Banks and Kockarts, 1973;Bernhardt and Duncan, 1982;Hansen et al, 1992b;Hinkel-Lipsker et al, 1993;Deng et al, 2010], which is as follows:…”

Section: Transport Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A numerical study of large‐scale ionospheric modulation due to the thermal process by powerful wave heating

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2016

JGR Space Physics

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We present a three‐dimensional numerical model of large‐scale ionospheric electron density and temperature modulation by powerful electromagnetic waves by incorporating the transport equations and the three‐dimensional ray‐tracing algorithm. Based on this numerical model, the changes of ionospheric electron density and temperature at nighttime are investigated. The simulation results present (1) the ionospheric electron temperature enhancement due to the energy absorption; (2) the ionospheric electron density depletion at the reflection region and enhancement at the upper/lower region along the field line due to the thermal pressure; and (3) large‐scale field‐aligned irregularities (FAIs) due to the thermal self‐focusing instability with transverse scale of ~10 km. The results are quantitatively consistent with the previous theoretical predictions and experimental observations, which indicate that the thermal processes play an important role in the ionospheric electron density/temperature modulation and large‐scale FAI generation.

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“…Warren et al (1982) proposed a method to extend ray-tracing calculation into a strong focusing region and applied it to simulate the ionospheric electron temperature and density changes due to oblique heating (Field and Warber, 1985;Field et al, 1990). Hinkel-Lipsker et al (1993) introduced an ionospheric oblique heating model by coupling the ray-tracing numerical method and ionospheric plasma transport equations. This model is applied to a daytime ionospheric oblique heating and predicts a density increase in the lower ionosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this sense, there are relatively few studies devoted to the subject of ionospheric oblique heating by powerful radio waves, in comparison to vertical heating studies. However, the investigation of the ionospheric oblique heating still has merits on topics such as (a) magnetic zenith effects (Kosch et al, 2000;Gurevich et al, 2002b;Pedersen et al, 2003), (b) ELF/VLF wave generation via the spatially modulated ionospheric heating (Milikh et al, 2007;Kuo et al, 2008), and (c) the ionospheric heating effects on the HF skywave over-the-horizon radar (Hinkel-Lipsker et al, 1993;Sales et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical simulation of oblique ionospheric heating by powerful radio waves

et al. 2018

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In this paper, we investigate the ionospheric heating by oblique incidence of powerful high-frequency (HF) radio waves using three-dimensional numerical simulations. The ionospheric electron density and temperature perturbations are examined by incorporating the ionospheric electron transport equations and ray-tracing algorithm. The energy distribution of oblique incidence heating waves in the ionosphere is calculated by the three-dimensional ray-tracing algorithm. The calculation takes into consideration the electric field of heating waves in the caustic region by the plane wave spectral integral method. The simulation results show that the ionospheric electron density and temperature can be disturbed by oblique incidence of powerful radio waves, especially in the caustic region of heating waves. The oblique ionospheric heating with wave incidence parallel and perpendicular to the geomagnetic field in the mid-latitude ionosphere is explored by simulations, results of which indicate that the ionospheric modulation is more effective when the heating wave propagates along the magnetic field line. Ionospheric density and temperature striations in the caustic region due to thermal self-focusing instability are demonstrated, as well as the time evolution of the corresponding fluctuation spectra.

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Modeling of high‐frequency oblique propagation and heating in the ionosphere

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Field-aligned scattering of HF radio waves under conditions of action of high-power oblique radio waves on the ionosphere

Field-aligned scattering of HF radio waves under conditions of action of high-power oblique radio waves on the ionosphere

A numerical study of large‐scale ionospheric modulation due to the thermal process by powerful wave heating

Numerical simulation of oblique ionospheric heating by powerful radio waves

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