Modeling of Communication-Based Train Control (CBTC) Radio Channel With Leaky Waveguide

Wang, Hongwei; Yu, F. Richard; Zhu, Li; Tang, Tao; Ning, Bin

doi:10.1109/lawp.2013.2279847

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The works in [104] and [105] propose propagation models for CBTC systems based on leaky waveguide. a) Radio propagation in tunnels: Radio communication in tunnels is highly critical as most mass-transit trains run underground [106].…”

Section: A Inter-ap Distancementioning

confidence: 99%

Radio Communication for Communications-Based Train Control (CBTC): A Tutorial and Survey

Farooq

Soler

2017

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

106

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Abstract-Over the last decade, railway industry has seen a huge transition from conventional railway signalling systems to modern, communication-based signalling systems. Communications-Based Train Control (CBTC) is a modern communication-based system that uses radio communication to transfer timely and accurate train control information. CBTC is the choice of mass-transit railway operators today, with over a hundred systems currently installed worldwide. The safetyrelated, time-critical applications such as train control impose stringent reliability and availability requirements on the radio communication technology used. IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi, despite being originally developed for stationary users within a limited area, has prevailed as the de-facto radio technology for CBTC. Unfortunately, very limited literature is publicly available on this topic due to the highly competitive nature of the railway industry. We believe that this paper fills the much-needed gap. It aims to present a comprehensive tutorial, as well as a survey of the stateof-the-art, of CBTC and the role of radio communication in it. The operation and fundamental components of a CBTC system are discussed. A summary of the evolution of the communication technologies used for modern railway signalling is presented. The benefits and drawbacks of using a radio communication technology, particularly Wi-Fi, and the challenges it introduces, are discussed. Best practices in the design of a CBTC radio network and the measures to optimize its availability are discussed, while using the currently in-progress Copenhagen Strain CBTC project as a reference. An overview of the CBTC standardization efforts, as well as the IEEE CBTC standardfrequently overlooked due to its limited scope-is included. The paper is concluded by providing a number of potential directions for future work.

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Section: A Inter-ap Distancementioning

confidence: 99%

Radio Communication for Communications-Based Train Control (CBTC): A Tutorial and Survey

Farooq

Soler

2017

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

106

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…These repeaters amplify the signal from one side and re-transmit it to the other side of the leaky medium. Therefore, train communications widely adopt such leaky mediums with repeaters and their performances and benefits for train communications are extensively studied, e.g., [21,23,25,32]. Section 5 models the leaky medium for train communications; our model uses variables to abstract away from the system-and implementation-specific details and is therefore generally applicable.…”

Section: Leaky Communication Infrastructure For Train Cbtcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signal Jamming Attacks Against Communication-Based Train Control

Lakshminarayana

Karachiwala

Chang

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the 11th ACM Conference on Security &Amp; Privacy in Wireless and Mobile Networks

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We study the impact of signal jamming attacks against the communication based train control (CBTC) systems and develop the countermeasures to limit the attacks' impact. CBTC supports the train operation automation and moving-block signaling, which improves the transport efficiency. We consider an attacker jamming the wireless communication between the trains or the train to wayside access point, which can disable CBTC and the corresponding benefits. In contrast to prior work studying jamming only at the physical or link layer, we study the real impact of such attacks on end users, namely train journey time and passenger congestion. Our analysis employs a detailed model of leaky medium-based communication system (leaky waveguide or leaky feeder/coaxial cable) popularly used in CBTC systems. To counteract the jamming attacks, we develop a mitigation approach based on frequency hopping spread spectrum taking into account domain-specific structure of the leaky-medium CBTC systems. Specifically, compared with existing implementations of FHSS, we apply FHSS not only between the transmitter-receiver pair but also at the track-side repeaters. To demonstrate the feasibility of implementing this technology in CBTC systems, we develop a FHSS repeater prototype using software-defined radios on both leaky-medium and open-air (free-wave) channels. We perform extensive simulations driven by realistic running profiles of trains and real-world passenger * In this paper, we study the cybersecurity of communicationbased train control (CBTC) [18], an automatic train control system that enables trains to run with shorter headways, thereby improving track utilization. In CBTC, the trains can continuously exchange their states of motion (i.e., location, velocity, and acceleration/deceleration capabilities) among each other over high-speed wireless communication links, and optimize their headway accordingly. However, CBTC has stringent requirements for communication availability, and the loss of communication can lead to severe disruptions. A recent real-world incident occurred for the Singapore metro [4], in which a train with faulty signaling hardware affected the communication of other trains traveling in its vicinity. This resulted in the trains activating their emergency brakes unnecessarily, leading to multiple delays and widespread disruptions. Another incident involving CBTC signaling fault resulted in more serious train collision [9]. These incidents highlight the importance of understanding cyber attacks that can cause the loss of signaling in CBTC and developing countermeasures.We consider signal jamming attacks against the CBTC, in which the attacker injects an interference signal into the wireless transmission in order to disrupt the communications (specifically, trainto-train or train-to-trackside-infrastructure communications). The jamming can disable the CBTC and negate its benefits such as transport efficiency. The threat is acute in urban train systems as they are accessed by and share the same physical space with the ...

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Security of railway control systems: A survey, research issues and challenges

Wang

Chen

2023

High-speed Railway

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Modeling of Communication-Based Train Control (CBTC) Radio Channel With Leaky Waveguide

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Radio Communication for Communications-Based Train Control (CBTC): A Tutorial and Survey

Radio Communication for Communications-Based Train Control (CBTC): A Tutorial and Survey

Signal Jamming Attacks Against Communication-Based Train Control

Security of railway control systems: A survey, research issues and challenges

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