Modeling and simulation of a direct ethanol fuel cell considering overpotential losses and variation of principal species concentration

Gomes, Ranon de Souza; Souza, M.M. De; Bortoli, Álvaro Luiz De

doi:10.1016/j.cherd.2018.05.037

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The advantages of multi‐metallic formulation are ensuring electrochemical performance at low bias potential, facilitating electro‐extraction, detectability, and high power density. Gomes et al 111 analyzed the influence of fuel flow on the DEFC system through a three‐dimensional mathematical model. Fuel flow in the main components such as channel, diffusion layer, and electrocatalyst surface was used as a parameter to calculate the overpotential loss.…”

Section: Class Of Dlfcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and challenges: Review for direct liquid fuel cell

et al. 2021

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Summary Direct liquid fuel cell (DLFC) is one of the leading fuel cell types due to their great features of superior energy density, modest configuration, small size in fuel container, immediate boosting, and effortless storage and carriage. Commercially used liquid fuel types are prepared using alcohols, such as methanol or ethanol, glycol, and acids. DLFCs face great challenges although they are potentially far‐reaching depending on the expensive catalysts and the use of high‐loading catalyst. More questions that should be addressed to ensure excellent DLFC performance include cathode flooding, fuel crossover, numerous side yield production, fuel security, and unverified elongated‐duration robustness. Further studies need to be carried out to ensure the continuous improvement of the quality of DLFCs' performance and their penetration in the commercial market. To date, direct liquid fuel cells made of methanol and ethanol have been successfully produced in commercial scale, but other types of DLFCs are still under study. In this review, introduction to DLFC will be discussed by covering work and commercialization as well as recent progress and challenges encountered.

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Section: Class Of Dlfcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and challenges: Review for direct liquid fuel cell

et al. 2021

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“…Surprisingly, this drastic simplification, which completely overlooks the electrochemical complexities of the EOR, is still used today [55,56]. By contrast, other models considered the oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid with the transfer of only 4 electrons [52,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64]. It was not until recently that some DEFC models started to account for the complex multi-step kinetics of the EOR, including the effect of intermediate species such as acetic acid and acetaldehyde [54,65,66].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the relevance of crossover in DEFC performance, most models also include this effect [47,48,49,50,55,56,58,62,63,64]. Since the molecular structures of ethanol and methanol are very similar, all crossover models for ethanol are based on those previously developed for methanol, where the crossover fluxes are driven mainly by diffusion and electro-osmotic drag, with hydraulic permeation only included occasionally [53].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two-dimensional (2D) along-the-channel models are more scarce [51,61,65] and typically treat the electrochemical reactions at the catalyst layers as boundary, or jump, conditions. Fully three-dimensional (3D) studies have also been reported, but are still limited to very simple geometries [62,63,64] or to CFD analyses of realistic flow fields that ignore all electrochemical phenomena [69]. It is worth noting that all modeling studies except one [56] have considered isothermal conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A mathematical model for direct ethanol fuel cells based on detailed ethanol electro-oxidation kinetics

2019

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This paper presents an isothermal, single-phase model for direct ethanol fuel cells. The ethanol electrooxidation reaction is described using a detailed kinetic model that is able to predict anode polarization and product selectivity data. The anode kinetic model is coupled to a one-dimensional (1D) description for mass and charge transport across the membrane electrode assembly, which accounts for the mixed potential induced in the cathode catalyst layer by the crossover of ethanol and acetaldehyde. A simple 1D advection model is used to describe the spatial variation of the concentrations of the different species as well as the output and parasitic current densities along the flow channels. The proposed 1D+1D model includes two adjustable parameters that are fitted by a genetic algorithm in order to reproduce previous experimental data. The calibrated model is then used to investigate the consumption of ethanol and the production, accumulation and consumption of acetaldehyde along the flow channels, which yields the product selectivity at different channel cross-sections. A parametric study is also presented for varying ethanol feed concentrations and flow rates. The results obtained under ethanol starvation conditions highlight the role of acetaldehyde as main free intermediate, which is first produced and later consumed once ethanol is fully depleted. The detailed kinetic description of the ethanol oxidation reaction enables the computation of the four efficiencies (i.e., theoretical, voltage, faradaic, end energy utilization) that characterize the operation of direct ethanol fuel cells, thus allowing to present overall fuel efficiency vs. cell current density curves for the first time.

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“…No entanto, o etanol é conhecido por afetar o desempenho do cátodo menos do que o metanol. Alguns métodos têm sido estudados para diminuir a passagem do etanol, como o uso de baixas concentrações de etanol, ou usando camadas de catalisador ou membranas mais espessas [60].…”

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Modelagem e simulação em células a combustível de membrana de troca protônica de alta temperatura

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auxiliar na interpretação de resultados experimentais. Com isso, o presente trabalho priorizou estudos experimentais e computacionais quanto ao comportamento do ácido fosfórico na membrana, difusão reversa de vapor d'água e distribuição de temperatura através da membrana, fluxo dos gases, carga de catalizadores, alteração do substrato, tipos de combustíveis e mudanças no posicionamento de entrada e saída dos canais de fluxo dos gases. Em geral as curvas de polarização apresentadas, mostraram uma boa concordância entre os resultados experimentais e computacionais. Foi demonstrado que uma quantidade considerável de vapor d'água pode atravessar o MEA no sentido do cátodo para o ânodo. Em geral, o aumento da estequiometria favoreceu o aumento do desempenho da célula e foi constatado que a fração molar de ácido fosfórico diminui com o aumento da temperatura e da umidade relativa.

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Modeling and simulation of a direct ethanol fuel cell considering overpotential losses and variation of principal species concentration

Cited by 11 publications

References 41 publications

Progress and challenges: Review for direct liquid fuel cell

Progress and challenges: Review for direct liquid fuel cell

A mathematical model for direct ethanol fuel cells based on detailed ethanol electro-oxidation kinetics

Modelagem e simulação em células a combustível de membrana de troca protônica de alta temperatura

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