“…Firstly, the classical shakedown theorems, originally proved under the simplifying assumptions of geometric linearity and elastic-perfectly plastic constitutive relations obeying the associated flow law, have been extended to broader classes of problems accounting for the effects of high temperature, strain-or workhardening, nonlinear geometry, dynamics, damage and non-associated plastic constitutive relations, among others (Kö nig and Maier, 1981;Kö nig, 1987;Polizzotto, 1982;GrossWeege, 1990;Pham, 1992Pham, , 2001Pycko and Maier, 1995;Feng and Liu, 1996;Feng and Gross, 1999;Weichert and Maier, 2000;Bousshine et al, 2003;Nguyen, 2003). Secondly, various theoretical and numerical shakedown analysis methods have been established for solving technologically important problems, among which finite element and boundary element methods often play a significant role (e.g., Gross-Weege, 1997;Stein et al, 1993;Zouain et al, 2002;Vu et al, 2004;Abdel-Karim, 2005;Liu et al, 2005). Recently, considerable attention has been paid on damage and shakedown behavior of heterogeneous materials or composites using macro/micro or multiscale numerical approaches (Derrien et al, 1999;Zouain and Silveira, 1999;Li et al, 2003;Magoariec et al, 2004).…”