2021
DOI: 10.3390/en14196251
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Abstract: An internal combustion engine (ICE) is a highly nonlinear dynamic and complex engineering system whose operation is constrained by operational limits, including emissions, noise, peak in-cylinder pressure, combustion stability, and actuator constraints. To optimize today’s ICEs, seven to ten control actuators and 10–20 feedback sensors are often used, depending on the engine applications and target emission regulations. This requires extensive engine experimentation to calibrate the engine control module (ECM)… Show more

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Cited by 38 publications
(21 citation statements)
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References 205 publications
(506 reference statements)
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“…This can be verified, for example, by considering the condition in which no EGR is adopted. In this case, the intake O 2 concentration is calculated as follows: (6) which represents the intake O 2 concentration on a wet basis.…”
Section: Description Of the General Approachmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…This can be verified, for example, by considering the condition in which no EGR is adopted. In this case, the intake O 2 concentration is calculated as follows: (6) which represents the intake O 2 concentration on a wet basis.…”
Section: Description Of the General Approachmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This interest can be confirmed by several studies that have recently been reported in the literature. Some examples are provided in [1][2][3][4][5][6], in which the authors show the advantages of model-based control for several applications, including vehicle speed management, hybrid powertrain energy management and engine management. In [1], the authors proposed a dynamic programming-based optimal speed-planning algorithm for heavy-duty vehicles based on V2X (vehicle-to-everything) communication and look-ahead function.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Around the world, Compression Ignition (CI) engines power most heavy duty vehicles such as trucks and public buses. They are popular due to their high thermal efficiency, advantages in fuel economy and long lifetime [1], compared to spark ignition (SI) engines. However, they produce air pollution, including Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ), Carbon Monoxide (CO), unburned Hydrocarbon (UHC), and particulate matter (Soot).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, they produce air pollution, including Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ), Carbon Monoxide (CO), unburned Hydrocarbon (UHC), and particulate matter (Soot). Diesel soot emissions are the focus of this work since (i) Soot emissions can cause serious health problems [2], (ii) Soot emissions have a complex formation and oxidation mechanism that makes soot modeling the most difficult of diesel engine emissions [2], and (iii) Soot emissions regulations are becoming more and more strict [1] particularly for Real Driving Emissions (RDE). Soot emissions depend on many factors, including fuel properties and fuel blending which have been investigated in previous studies [3,4].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%