Model of the photon-avalanche effect

Joubert, M.-F.; Guy, S.; Jacquier, B.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.48.10031

Cited by 163 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In Er 3+ ions doped semiconductor there occurs a series of non-radiative and radiative decay mechanism which results in generation of photons having energy lower than the excitation photon. 18,19 Er 3+ ion acts as a good activator for solid state laser in IR and visible region because of its characteristics of abundant energy level structure. The low phonon energy and proper oxygen coordination around Er 3+ ions make ZnO suitable for upconversion luminescence process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triple excitation with dual emission in paramagnetic ZnO:Er³⁺ nanocrystals

et al. 2014

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ZnO nanocrystals have been made excitable under UV as well as near and far infrared (IR) wavelengths (980 nm, 1550 nm) through doping of rare earth ion Er 3+ thus making it a triple excitation nanophosphor.Whereas the visible emission under UV is broad due to intrinsic donor acceptor pair recombination, the sharp green and red emission peaks under IR are characteristic of f-f transitions of the Er 3+ ion. Thus both down and upconversion fluorescence in ZnO could be realised through doping of rare earth ion Er 3+ that also makes ZnO:Er 3+ nanocrystals paramagnetic. To the best of our knowledge we are reporting upconversion at 1550 nm in ZnO:Er 3+ for the first time.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triple excitation with dual emission in paramagnetic ZnO:Er³⁺ nanocrystals

et al. 2014

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“…The increase in upconversion luminescence is very important for the application of nanoparticles. Similar phenomena of bulk of other materials were observed [17][18][19][20]. The mechanism of photon-avalanche would be the followings; Three-photon process of the upconversion luminescence would occur as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…In general, the upconversion intensity is weak. Previously photon-avalanche effect of bulk upconversion material was reported, which increased upconversion intensity significantly [17][18][19][20]. The photon-avalanche effect of bulk upconversion nanoparticles Y 2 O 3 :Er,Yb was investigated hereby.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photon-Avalanche Effect of Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>:Er,Yb Nanoparticles Prepared by Laser Ablation in Liquid

Onodera

Nunokawa

Odawara

et al. 2013

Trans. Mat. Res. Soc. Japan

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Optical properties of upconversion nanoparticles Y 2 O 3 :Er,Yb were investigated. The upconversion nanoparticles were prepared by laser ablation in liquid, which was one of the promising plasma processes to fabricate nanoparticle-dispersed solution. Highly crystalline nanoparticles with particle size of 11±3 nm were observed by electron microscope. Upconversion spectra with an excitation of 980 nm were measured by fluorescence spectrophotometer. Photon-avalanche effect of the nanoparticles, which significantly increased upconversion intensity, was observed. This phenomenon would be due to the increase in population at red emission by cross-relaxation. The ratio of red emission to green one was increased by the increase in the concentration of Yb in phosphor and the decrease in the excitation power.

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“…1. Ιn the steady state, the corresponding rate equations are [10,12] where W1 and W2 are the pumping rates from level 1 to level 2 and from level 2 to level 3, respectively, rij is the total relaxation rate from level i to level j for Steady State Analysis of Photon Avalanche Effect 199 the isolated ion and α is the cross-relaxation rate connecting levels 1 and 3 to the intermediate one. pi is the level i occupation probability.…”

Section: The Three-level Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These particular behaviors will be detailed by F. Auzel in this conference. Several papers are devoted to the study of the avalanche effect [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] and models including three or four levels and based on rate equations have been proposed and analyzed using several methods [4,6,[9][10][11][12]. However until now, no quantitative and meaningful limit between avalancle and non-avalanche behavior has been defined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Steady State Analysis of Photon Avalanche Effect

Pellé¹,

Goldner²

1996

Acta Phys. Pol. A

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An analysis of the three-level model for avalanche up-conversion in a steady state case is presented. Until now, no quantitative criterion has been defined to distinguish avalanche from nonlinear processes giving rise to anti--Stokes emissions. From our model, we drive a quantitative limit for the ratio between non resonant and resonant absorption cross-section to observe an avalanche process. Application of these calculations to practical cases demonstrates the ability of our model to predict an avalanche behavior. The interest of avalanche to pump up-conversion lasers is discussed by introducing a term in the rate equations due to the stimulated emission.

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Model of the photon-avalanche effect

Cited by 163 publications

References 17 publications

Triple excitation with dual emission in paramagnetic ZnO:Er³⁺ nanocrystals

Triple excitation with dual emission in paramagnetic ZnO:Er³⁺ nanocrystals

Photon-Avalanche Effect of Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>:Er,Yb Nanoparticles Prepared by Laser Ablation in Liquid

Steady State Analysis of Photon Avalanche Effect

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Model of the photon-avalanche effect

Cited by 163 publications

References 17 publications

Triple excitation with dual emission in paramagnetic ZnO:Er3+ nanocrystals

Triple excitation with dual emission in paramagnetic ZnO:Er3+ nanocrystals

Photon-Avalanche Effect of Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>:Er,Yb Nanoparticles Prepared by Laser Ablation in Liquid

Steady State Analysis of Photon Avalanche Effect

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Triple excitation with dual emission in paramagnetic ZnO:Er³⁺ nanocrystals

Triple excitation with dual emission in paramagnetic ZnO:Er³⁺ nanocrystals