Model of care, Noma Children’s Hospital, northwest Nigeria

Isah, Shafiu; Amirtharajah, Mohana; Farley, Elise; Adetunji, Adeniyi Semiyu; Samuel, Joseph; Oluyide, Bukola; Bil, Karla; Shoaib, Muhammad; Abubakar, Nura; Jong, Annette de; Pereboom, Monique; Lenglet, Annick; Sherlock, Mark

doi:10.1111/tmi.13630

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…If the patient survives the acute illness, they can live into adulthood but often require extensive reconstructive surgery and intensive physiotherapy to improve the resulting structural and functional defects [ 174 ] that often require a number of surgical treatments [ 137 ]. Studies have highlighted the fact that the time between acute illness and surgical care can be decades [ 136 , 141 , 144 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Noma (cancrum oris): A scoping literature review of a neglected disease (1843 to 2021)

Farley

Mehta

Srour³

et al. 2021

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Background Noma (cancrum oris) is an ancient but neglected and poorly understood preventable disease, afflicting the most disenfranchised populations in the world. It is a devastating and often fatal condition that requires urgent and intensive clinical and surgical care, often difficult to access as most cases of noma occur in resource-limited settings. We conducted a scoping review of the literature published on noma to understand the size and scope of available research on the disease and identify research gaps that need to be addressed to evolve our understanding of how to address this disease. Methods We searched 11 databases and collected primary peer reviewed articles on noma in all languages, the final search was conducted on 24th August 2021. The oldest manuscript identified was from 28th March 1843 and the most recently published manuscript was from 3rd June 2021. Search terms included cancrum oris and noma. Data was extracted using a standardised data extraction tool and key areas of interest were identified. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic review and Meta-Analyses requirements were followed. Results The review included 147 articles, the majority of the studies (n = 94, 64%) were case reports. Most manuscripts (n = 81, 55%) were published in the 2000s, 49 (33%) were from the 1900s and 17 (12%) from the 1800s. The main areas of interest identified were the history and epidemiology of the disease, noma’s clinical progression and aetiology, treatment regimens, mortality rates and the risk factors for the development of noma. Conclusions Noma has been reported in the literature for hundreds of years; however important gaps in our understanding of the disease remain. Future research should focus on determining the burden and distribution of disease; the true mortality rate, pathogenic cause(s) and the factors that influence prognosis and outcomes after treatment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Noma often leads to stigmatization and resultant social isolation of the patients and their family members from their communities [ 2 , 14 , 16 , 102 , 156 ]. Several studies have highlighted the importance of including social and psychological support for noma patients and their families [ 136 , 137 , 156 , 169 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noma (cancrum oris): A scoping literature review of a neglected disease (1843 to 2021)

Farley

Mehta

Srour³

et al. 2021

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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“…Despite significant progress in scientific methods since these ancient reports, the literature on noma has predominantly been comprised of low level evidence such as case reports [10]. The focus of recent literature on noma (2019-2021) includes noma's distribution and risk factors [17][18][19], treatment [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34], knowledge and beliefs about the disease [14,[35][36][37] along with reviews of the literature and viewpoints [38][39][40][41]. Recent literature (2019-2021) has shown that noma cases are being reported from an increasingly diverse set of geographical locations outside of Africa including China [22,28], India [23], Vietnam, [24] and Indonesia [33] (Fig.…”

Section: Neglect Of Noma Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For many survivors, this stigmatization is the leading reason for seeking care [31,51]. As such, treatment programs should encompass a mental health component [34]. This component should be paired with a concerted effort to sensitize communities by sharing information about noma in an attempt to decrease the stigma survivors' face.…”

Section: Stigma and Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noma, a neglected disease: prevention is better than cure

Farley

Amirtharajah

Shaye

2022

Current Opinion in Otolaryngology &Amp; Head &Amp; Neck Surgery

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Purpose of review There is a need for concerted effort to increase Global awareness about noma (cancrum oris). This paper aims to summarize the recent literature on noma and provide suggestions that could be implemented to raise awareness about this neglected disease. Recent findings Noma has been recognized, diagnosed and reported for centuries. Despite significant progress in scientific methods over time, the published literature on noma has predominantly been of low level clinical and scientific evidence. Recent studies have reported on noma's global distribution and its predisposing risk factors, its treatment, its knowledge and beliefs and has included a number of literature reviews. Noma cases are being reported from an increasingly diverse set of geographical locations. Summary Noma has largely been neglected in the research sphere. Noma is a preventable disease and its progression can be halted if patients are recognized and treated in the early stages of disease. Treatment for late stage noma survivors remains complex and time consuming, requiring substantial human and financial resources most commonly not achieving functional and cosmetic anatomy. The ultimate aim is therefore prevention, initiatives should be integrated into existing health programs.

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“…Noma is a ravaging orofacial gangrenous stomatitis which is characterized by acute necrotizing ulcerative lesions (1,2). Noma is prevalent in developing countries where most of the victims are children (3)(4)(5). Epidemiological case study reports have established risk factors for the disease such as poor hygiene and nutritional status, measles and other eruptive fevers and immunocompromising diseases (6,7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The key players of dysbiosis in Noma disease; A systematic review of etiological studies

Uzochukwu

Moyes

Proctor

et al. 2023

Front. Oral. Health

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Noma is a rapidly progressing periodontal disease with up to 90% mortality in developing countries. Poor, immunocompromised and severely malnourished children (2 to 6 years old) are mostly affected by Noma. Prevention and effective management of Noma is hindered by the lack of sufficient cohesive studies on the microbial etiology of the disease. Research efforts have not provided a comprehensive unified story of the disease. Bridging the gap between existing studies gives an insight on the disease pathogenesis. This current systematic review of etiological studies focuses on the key players of dysbiosis in Noma disease. This review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Web of Science, MEDLINE via PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Science Direct were searched electronically for clinical trials which applied culture dependent or molecular techniques to identify oral microbiota from Noma patients. Trials which involved periodontal diseases except Noma were excluded. After screening 275 articles, 153 full-texts articles were assessed for eligibility of which eight full text articles were selected for data extraction and analysis. The results show that 308 samples from 169 Noma participants (6 months to 15 years old) have been used in clinical trials. There was some variance in the microbiome identified due to the use of 3 different types of samples (crevicular fluid, subgingival plaque, and swabbed pus) and the ambiguity of the stage or advancement of Noma in the studies. Other limitations of the studies included in this review were: the absence of age-matched controls in some studies; the constraints of colony morphology as a tool in distinguishing between virulent fusobacterium genus at the species level; the difficulty in culturing spirochaetes in the laboratory; the choice of primers in DNA amplification; and the selection of probe sets in gene sequencing. This systematic review highlights spirochaetes and P. intermedia as putative trigger organisms in Noma dysbiosis, shows that F. nucleatum promotes biofilms formation in late stages of the disease and suggests that future studies should be longitudinal, with high throughput genome sequencing techniques used with gingival plaque samples from early stages of Noma.

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Model of care, Noma Children’s Hospital, northwest Nigeria

Cited by 8 publications

References 54 publications

Noma (cancrum oris): A scoping literature review of a neglected disease (1843 to 2021)

Noma (cancrum oris): A scoping literature review of a neglected disease (1843 to 2021)

Noma, a neglected disease: prevention is better than cure

The key players of dysbiosis in Noma disease; A systematic review of etiological studies

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