Model estimates of metazoans’ contributions to the biological carbon pump

Pinti, Jérôme; DeVries, Tim; Norin, Tommy; Serra-Pompei, Camila; Proud, Roland; Da, Siegel; Kiørboe, Thomas; Petrik, Colleen M.; Andersen, Ken Haste; As, Brierley; Aw, Visser

doi:10.1101/2021.03.22.436489

Cited by 6 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…The biological carbon pump is composed of several pathways (Boyd et al 2019), chief of which are (i) the biological gravitational pump, that is, the passive sinking of particulate organic matter (POM; Boyd et al 2019), and (ii) the migrant pump, that is, the active transport of carbon by daily or seasonally vertically migrating organisms (Bianchi et al 2013; Jónasdóttir et al 2015). It is becoming increasingly clear that passive sinking of detrital particles is not the only component of the biological pump, and that metazoans play a major role in setting both its strength (how much carbon leaves the euphotic zone) and efficiency (what depths carbon leaving the euphotic zone reaches) (Davison et al 2013; Henson et al 2019; Cavan and Hill 2022; Pinti et al 2021 b ; Saba et al 2021; Serra‐Pompei et al 2021).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fear and loathing in the pelagic: How the seascape of fear impacts the biological carbon pump

Pinti

Visser

Serra-Pompei

et al. 2022

Limnology & Oceanography

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The biological carbon pump transports photosynthetically fixed carbon from surface waters to depths. It removes carbon from the atmosphere and sequesters it in the deep ocean, playing an important role in global climate regulation. As the biological carbon pump is directly related to biological processes, it is heavily influenced by the biomass and trophic interactions between populations in the ecosystem. However, behavioral responses and adaptations to predation risk change trophic interactions, potentially having larger impacts than direct effects on trophic interactions and population abundances. Thus, predation risk may play an important role in shaping the biological carbon pump's strength (how much carbon leaves the euphotic zone) and efficiency (what fraction of detritus reaches a certain depth without being degraded). Except in the case of active carbon transport by vertically migrating organisms, this role of risk is not generally recognized. Here, we synthesize the existing knowledge on the consequences of anti‐predation responses on the biological carbon pump. First, we consider a generic anti‐predation response and investigate the different direct, indirect, and cascading effects that the response can induce. Then, we focus on pelagic anti‐predation responses and detail how they can specifically alter the different components of the pump. Finally, we discuss points to consider in biological carbon pump studies and highlight directions for future research. In particular, there is a need for more quantitative research to evaluate the importance of anti‐predation responses in shaping the biological carbon pump.

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Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fear and loathing in the pelagic: How the seascape of fear impacts the biological carbon pump

Pinti

Visser

Serra-Pompei

et al. 2022

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…In addition, fish, jellyfish and other animals larger than zooplankton perform diel vertical migrations, but had not generally been considered as part of the diel vertical migration pump. However, these organisms may actively transport significant amounts of carbon from the EZ deep into the TZ, and thus contribute to the diel vertical migration pump (Pinti et al, 2021). Studies based on acoustic sensors carried by gliders (Reiss et al, 2021) or USV (saildrones) (De Robertis et al, 2021) have showcased the potential of this approach to monitor macrozooplankton or fish.…”

Section: Diel Vertical Migration Pumpmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies based on acoustic sensors carried by gliders (Reiss et al, 2021) or USV (saildrones) (De Robertis et al, 2021) have showcased the potential of this approach to monitor macrozooplankton or fish. Such technological advances may become tools of choice for characterizing diel vertical migrations of large organisms, but their role is not explicitly considered in the remainder of this paper or included in Figure 1 because the study advocating it (Pinti et al, 2021) has not been published in peer-reviewed literature as yet.…”

Section: Diel Vertical Migration Pumpmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The six BCPs are known as the Biological Gravitational Pump, three physically mediated pumps (the Mixed Layer Pump, the Eddy Subduction Pump, the Large-scale Subduction Pump; the latter includes Ekman pumping), and two animal-mediated pumps (vertical migrations of zooplankton both diel and ontogenic) (Boyd et al, 2019). Fish, jellyfish and other animals larger than zooplankton also perform diel vertical migrations, and may thus contribute to the animal-mediated pumps (Pinti et al, 2021).…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Oceans’ Biological Carbon Pumps: Framework for a Research Observational Community Approach

et al. 2021

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A recent paradigm explains that the downward pumping of biogenic carbon in the ocean is performed by the combined action of six different biological carbon pumps (BCPs): the biological gravitational pump, the physically driven pumps (Mixed Layer Pump, Eddy Subduction Pump and Large-scale Subduction Pump), and the animal-driven pumps (diurnal and seasonal vertical migrations of zooplankton and larger animals). Here, we propose a research community approach to implement the new paradigm through the integrated study of these BCPs in the World Ocean. The framework to investigate the BCPs combines measurements from different observational platforms, i.e., oceanographic ships, satellites, moorings, and robots (gliders, floats, and robotic surface vehicles such as wavegliders and saildrones). We describe the following aspects of the proposed research framework: variables and processes to be measured in both the euphotic and twilight zones for the different BCPs; spatial and temporal scales of occurrence of the various BCPs; selection of key regions for integrated studies of the BCPs; multi-platform observational strategies; and upscaling of results from regional observations to the global ocean using deterministic models combined with data assimilation and machine learning to make the most of the wealth of unique measurements. The proposed approach has the potential not only to bring together a large multidisciplinary community of researchers, but also to usher the community toward a new era of discoveries in ocean sciences.

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“…Increases in shallow epipelagic prey density were related to relatively shallow and dense (high echo energy) DSLs, which is in agreement with the findings of Fielding et al (2012) that acoustic backscattering intensity was positively related to the number of fish schools. This association can be explained by the strong coupling, via DVM and ontogenesis, between highly dynamic shallow water biomass (in the form of ephemeral schools and larvae/juveniles) and mesopelagic biomass (Pinti et al, 2021).…”

Section: King Penguin Preymentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Predicted Patterns of 3D Prey Distribution to Map King Penguin Foraging Habitat

Proud¹,

Guen²,

Sherley³

et al. 2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

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King penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) are an iconic Southern Ocean species, but the prey distributions that underpin their at-sea foraging tracks and diving behaviour remain unclear. We conducted simultaneous acoustic surveys off South Georgia and tracking of king penguins breeding ashore there in Austral summer 2017 to gain insight into habitat use and foraging behaviour. Acoustic surveys revealed ubiquitous deep scattering layers (DSLs; acoustically detected layers of fish and other micronekton that inhabit the mesopelagic zone) at c. 500 m and shallower ephemeral fish schools. Based on DNA extracted from penguin faecal samples, these schools were likely comprised of lanternfish (an important component of king penguin diets), icefish (Channichthyidae spp.) and painted noties (Lepidonotothen larseni). Penguins did not dive as deep as DSLs, but their prey-encounter depth-distributions, as revealed by biologging, overlapped at fine scale (10s of m) with depths of acoustically detected fish schools. We used neural networks to predict local scale (10 km) fish echo intensity and depth distribution at penguin dive locations based on environmental correlates, and developed models of habitat use. Habitat modelling revealed that king penguins preferentially foraged at locations predicted to have shallow and dense (high acoustic energy) fish schools associated with shallow and dense DSLs. These associations could be used to predict the distribution of king penguins from other colonies at South Georgia for which no tracking data are available, and to identify areas of potential ecological significance within the South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands marine protected area.

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Model estimates of metazoans’ contributions to the biological carbon pump

Cited by 6 publications

References 80 publications

Fear and loathing in the pelagic: How the seascape of fear impacts the biological carbon pump

Fear and loathing in the pelagic: How the seascape of fear impacts the biological carbon pump

The Oceans’ Biological Carbon Pumps: Framework for a Research Observational Community Approach

Using Predicted Patterns of 3D Prey Distribution to Map King Penguin Foraging Habitat

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