Mode matching for second-harmonic generation in photonic crystal waveguides

Cowan, A. R.; Young, Jeff F.

doi:10.1103/physrevb.65.085106

Cited by 113 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…An extremely wide range of components can benefit from the competing interplay between multiple diffraction and interference in such periodically patterned nanostructures. This results in many enhanced optical properties around the critical band gaps in the photonic bandstructure which can break conventional optical "design rules" such as multirefringence, 1 slow light, 2-4 enhanced nonlinear conversion, 5 and superprisms. [6][7][8][9] While considerable theoretical effort has been developed in the past few years to raise the prospect of enhanced performance, 10,11 very few devices have actually been realized, spectrally tested and robustly compared to these theories.…”

Section: (Received 2 February 2004; Accepted 18 May 2004)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Visible-wavelength super-refraction in photonic crystal superprisms

Baumberg

Netti

Perney³

et al. 2004

Applied Physics Letters

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We demonstrate the fabrication of superprism devices in photonic crystal waveguides with excellent transmission through 600 rows of 160 nm diameter holes. Broadband spectral and angular measurements allow mapping of the chromatic refractivity. This shows the ability of such devices to super-refract by more than 1°/ nm close to the principal band gaps, 10ϫ more than equivalent gratings, and 100ϫ more than equivalent prisms. Simple theories based on plane-wave models give excellent agreement with these results. © 2004 American Institute of Physics.[DOI: 10.1063/1.1772521] Photonic crystal (PC) waveguides promise many ways to miniaturize and integrate photonic devices on high functionality optical chips. An extremely wide range of components can benefit from the competing interplay between multiple diffraction and interference in such periodically patterned nanostructures. This results in many enhanced optical properties around the critical band gaps in the photonic bandstructure which can break conventional optical "design rules" such as multirefringence, 1 slow light, 2-4 enhanced nonlinear conversion, 5 and superprisms. 6-9 While considerable theoretical effort has been developed in the past few years to raise the prospect of enhanced performance, 10,11 very few devices have actually been realized, spectrally tested and robustly compared to these theories. In particular, the role of the photonic band gaps in relation to the superprism phenomena have not been highlighted.In this letter, we show state-of-the-art fabrication of PCs in the visible optical region based on a silicon platform. Planar waveguides are deposited and subsequently patterned with a range of periodic arrays of holes in different geometries, and up to 600 rows of holes across. Broadband optical characterization on a range of such devices allows us to clearly identify their excellent transmission properties, exhibiting strong band gaps with high transmission in the intervening spectral regions. A chromatic refraction technique combining angular scans with transmission spectroscopy allows us to map the super-refraction properties. Our results compare well with a simple two-dimensional (2D) plane wave theory, thus enabling further optimization of the devices.The devices are fabricated in a standard silicon microfabrication process line, compatible with very large-scale integrated electronics, on n-type silicon wafers. They are based on our previous designs 1,2,12 with silicon nitride waveguides (Si 3 N 4 250 nm nominal thickness, n = 2.02) embedded in silicon dioxide ͑SiO 2 ͒ substrate and cladding layers (1.7 m and 75 nm thick, respectively, n = 1.46). The PC sections are defined using electron-beam lithography and subsequent dry etching to give large aspect ratio holes through the core waveguide layers. In this letter, we will concentrate on a particular set of devices with hole diameter d = 160 nm, in a rectangular array of periodicity with a = 310 nm, b = 465 nm (aspect ratio 1:1.5), with 600 rows of holes giving a total device length of 186 m...

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Section: (Received 2 February 2004; Accepted 18 May 2004)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Visible-wavelength super-refraction in photonic crystal superprisms

Baumberg

Netti

Perney³

et al. 2004

Applied Physics Letters

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“…In addition, it is worth pointing out that Green's function technique has been employed to compute both the enhancement of second harmonic generation in 2-D PhCs [29] and the transmission of light through 2-D nonlinear PhC waveguides [30]. Another notable recent contribution to the analysis of nonlinear nanophotonic devices has been the extension of transfer-matrix frequency domain methods to the case of nonlinear structures [31].…”

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confidence: 99%

Modeling Nonlinear Optical Phenomena in Nanophotonics

Bravo‐Abad

Fan

Johnson

et al. 2007

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Abstract-In this paper, we review various numerical methods currently used to model nonlinear optical processes in nanophotonics. Among the different theoretical frameworks that have been used to study nonlinear photonic structures, we particularly focus on the application of both perturbation theory and coupled-mode theory to the analysis of complex nonlinear nanophotonic devices. This description is illustrated on several examples of how these techniques can be used to design photonic-crystal-based nonlinear devices. In addition, in all these examples, we show that the predictions made by the two mentioned techniques are in a good agreement with the numerical results obtained from a nonlinear finite-difference-time-domain approach to these problems.

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“…According to references [13] and [14], SHG can be enhanced by exciting leaky eigenmodes in two-dimensional photonic crystal membranes, where both pump and SH fields are resonant. Similar phenomena have been observed in a resonant waveguide grating covered with a NL polymer [15].…”

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confidence: 99%

Enhanced second-harmonic generation from resonant GaAs gratings

et al. 2011

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We study second harmonic generation in nonlinear, GaAs gratings. We find large enhancement of conversion efficiency when the pump field excites the guided mode resonances of the grating. Under these circumstances the spectrum near the pump wavelength displays sharp resonances characterized by dramatic enhancements of local fields and favorable conditions for second harmonic generation, even in regimes of strong linear absorption at the harmonic wavelength. In particular, in a GaAs grating pumped at 1064nm, we predict second harmonic conversion efficiencies approximately five orders of magnitude larger than conversion rates achievable in either bulk or etalon structures of the same material.

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Mode matching for second-harmonic generation in photonic crystal waveguides

Cited by 113 publications

References 25 publications

Visible-wavelength super-refraction in photonic crystal superprisms

Visible-wavelength super-refraction in photonic crystal superprisms

Modeling Nonlinear Optical Phenomena in Nanophotonics

Enhanced second-harmonic generation from resonant GaAs gratings

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