Modal Frustration and Periodicity Breaking in Artificial Spin Ice

Abstract

Switchable behaviors and writable defects in artificial spin ice have been extensively studied as nanoscale reconfigurable field sources for applications including neural networks and magnonics. Random-walk style chains of correlated excitations have been discussed as potential low-energy pathways for such applications, but writing controllable 1D pathways through lattices is generally challenging. We explore the modal behavior of a novel artificial spin ice design that generates magnetic uniaxial chains along a defined direction. In addition, non-Ising breakdown of the magnetization within constituent nanoislands is observed, with a rupture of magnetization periodicity is measured. Finally, locally perturbing the vertices in both traditional and non-Ising magnetic configurations produces both a "selective writing" capability, and a 2D network writability dependent on the fieldstrength of the perturbing field point-source, and its controlled motion. Such functionalities exhibit a route to highefficiency magnonic devices via novel lattice designs and controlled magnetic behaviors.

Magnetic Force Microscopy on Nanofibers—Limits and Possible Approaches for Randomly Oriented Nanofiber Mats

“…The aforementioned spin-ice structures belong to the often examined 2D structures consisting of in-plane oriented nanowires or, more often, nano-lines typically attained from lithographic processes. These structures are often investigated by MFM since the spatially resolved magnetization is of high interest [49][50][51][52][53]. However, they are in most cases two-dimensional and, thus, not within the scope of this paper, which aims at discussing possibilities for investigating three-dimensional nanofibrous structures.…”

Defect-induced monopole injection and manipulation in artificial spin ice

“…It is possible to uniquely tailor the designs of ASI and explore a plethora of frustration physics that would be more challenging in 3D material systems; including phase transitions 6 – 10 and collective dynamics 11 – 14 . The 2D nature, modularity, and room temperature operation of ASI also makes them versatile in application in reconfigurable magnonics 15 – 19 , magnetricity 20 – 22 , and novel computation 23 – 26 .…”

Quantum calibrated magnetic force microscopy

“…Figure 4b also represents the first quantum traceable calibration of the stray field of a Co/Pt qMFM reference sample. With a domain transition width of 15 -20 nmand a typical domain size of about 200 nm it has been successfully used in various studies[9,15,25] for conventional qMFM on magnetic feature sizes from 30 nm to about 1 µm. In the future, qMFM can be based on the NV measured QuMFM stray field distribution 𝐵 𝑧 𝑄𝑢𝑀𝐹𝑀 circumventing the systematic errors of 𝐵 𝑧 𝑟𝑒𝑓 discussed above.…”