Mobility-based Time References for Wireless Sensor Networks

Foti, Sebastiano

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3483-2

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 117 publications

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“…However, the temperature coefficient of the resistors and the capacitors would result in a residual temperature-dependent frequency error. When using a metal-oxide-metal (MOM) capacitor for C ref , the temperature coefficient (TC) of the capacitor can be neglected in comparison to that of the resistor [29]. A popular 1 st -order temperature compensated resistor topology can be used to partially cancel the resistor TC.…”

Section: Accuracy Of the Rc Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 33-ppm/°C 240-nW 40-nm CMOS Wakeup Timer Based on a Bang-Bang Digital-Intensive Frequency-Locked-Loop for IoT Applications

Ding

Zhou

Traferro

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I

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This paper presents a wakeup timer in 40-nm CMOS for Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications based on a bangbang Digital-intensive Frequency-Locked Loop (DFLL). A selfbiased Σ∆ Digitally Controlled Oscillator (DCO) is locked to an RC time constant via a feedback loop consisting of a single-bit chopped comparator and a digital loop filter, thus maximizing the use of digital circuits while keeping only the RC network and the comparator as the sole analog blocks. Analysis and behavior level simulations of the DFLL have been carried out to guide the optimization of the long-term stability and frequency accuracy of the timer. High frequency accuracy and a 10× enhancement of long-term stability is achieved by the adoption of chopping to reduce the effect of comparator offset and 1/f noise and by the use of Σ∆ modulation to improve the DCO resolution. Such highly digitized architecture fully exploits the advantages of advanced CMOS processes, thus enabling operation down to 0.7 V and a small area (0.07 mm 2). The proposed timer achieves the excellent energy efficiency (0.57 pJ/cycle at 417 kHz at 0.8-V supply) over prior art while keeping excellent on-par long-term stability (Allan deviation floor <20 ppm) and temperature stability (33 ppm/ o C at 0.8-V supply).

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Section: Accuracy Of the Rc Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%