Mobile location tracking by optimal paging zone partitioning

Lee, H.C.; Sun, Junping

doi:10.1109/icupc.1997.625528

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…If the number of cells passed by an MT is assumed to be a random variable with uniform distribution on [ ], the probability mass function and its transform can be represented as (12) Then, the pdf of the residence time in an LA has Laplace transform as (13) where is computed from (2). From the property of Laplace transform [7], the first-order moment, i.e., the mean value of the residence time in the LA, is (14) As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Calculation Of Intersystem Roaming Probabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dynamic location management scheme for next-generation multitier PCS systems

Akyildiz

Wang

2002

IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.

219

100

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Abstract-Global wireless networks enable mobile users to communicate regardless of their locations. One of the most important issues is location management in a highly dynamic environment because mobile users may roam between different wireless systems, network operators, and geographical regions. In this paper, a location-tracking mechanism is introduced that consists of intersystem location updates and intersystem paging. Intersystem update is implemented by using the concept of boundary location area, which is determined by a dynamic location update policy in which the velocity and the quality of service are taken into account on a per-user basis. Also, intersystem paging is based on the concept of boundary location register, which is used to maintain the records of mobile users crossing the boundary of systems. This mechanism not only reduces location-tracking costs, but also significantly decreases call-loss rates and average-paging delays. The performance evaluation of the proposed schemes is provided to demonstrate their effectiveness in multitier personal communication systems.

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Section: Calculation Of Intersystem Roaming Probabilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dynamic location management scheme for next-generation multitier PCS systems

Akyildiz

Wang

2002

IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.

219

100

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“…It represents the exact amount of movements within the latest time period. Therefore, compared with the paging schemes choosing location probabilities as paging criterion [2,11,20,25], the proposed paging scheme results in better system performance, especially when there is some unusual changes to the normal value of user movements.…”

Section: Advantages Of the User Independent Paging Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, when the system need not find MTs immediately, multi-step paging schemes are preferable. There are numerous link layer multi-step paging schemes proposed to reduce the paging cost [2,3,11,20,25]. A shortest-distancefirst (SDF) paging scheme is proposed in [3] where cells close to the last registered location are paged first.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

User Independent Paging Scheme for Mobile IP

Xie

2005

Wireless Netw

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Abstract. Multi-step paging has been widely proposed in personal communications services (PCS) systems to reduce the signaling overheads. Similar ideas can be applied to Mobile IP to provide IP paging services. However, current proposed multi-step paging schemes are user dependent under which the partition of paging areas and the selection of paging sequence are different for each user. The performance of a user dependent paging scheme for individual users may be affected by many factors. It is often difficult to achieve perfect performance for each user. In addition, when multiple users are paged at the same time, user dependent paging schemes may consume significant system resources. This paper introduces a user independent paging scheme where the paging criterion is not based on individual user information. The goal of user independent paging is to provide satisfactory overall performance of the whole system, when personalized optimal performance for each user is hard to obtain. The user independent paging scheme is proposed for IP mobility for its easy implementation and convenient combination with paging request aggregation. The paging criterion adopted is the mobility rate of each subnet determined by the aggregated movements of all mobile users. In order to implement the proposed scheme, a concept of "semi-idle state" is introduced and the detailed solution for obtaining mobility rate is presented. Analytical results show that when paging one user at a time, the performance of the proposed user independent paging scheme is comparable to that of the paging schemes based on perfect knowledge of user movement statistics. When paging multiple users simultaneously and when the knowledge on individual user behavior is not perfectly accurate, the proposed scheme has remarkable advantages in terms of reducing the overall paging cost.

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“…In [26], average paging delay is considered to be a major performance metric and paging delay for two different paging schemes (based on directional random walk mobility and on dynamic location updating) are compared. In [27], LA is partitioned into PAs. An optimum partitioning is found so that the delay caused by congestion in the cellular forward control channel (paging channel) is reduced.…”

Section: Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such an architecture can also guarantee that a micro-LA will not cross different macro-LAs, and additional operating load will not be generated at the boundaries of macro-LAs. To further reduce the cost and the paging delay, the distance-based [12] or the movement-based [13] location update scheme can be used in the macrocell tier, while the low-delay strategies for paging in the single-tier cellular network in [18], [20], [26], and [27] can be applied in the microcell tier.…”

Section: B Crossing-tier Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

A crossing-tier location update/paging scheme in hierarchical cellular networks

Wu¹,

Mukherjee

Bhargava³

2006

IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.

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Abstract-Location update/paging strategies have been widely studied in the traditional single-tier cellular networks. We propose and evaluate a novel crossing-tier location update/paging scheme that can be used in a hierarchical macrocell/microcell cellular network. Location update is proceeded only in the macrocell tier, where a location area (LA) is made up by larger macrocells. A mobile user will stay in such a LA for longer time. Therefore, the cost on location update can be reduced due to the decreased frequency of location update. To reduce the paging delay, the paged mobile user will be searched in the macrocell tier only when the paging load is not high. Otherwise, it will be searched in the microcell tier, where a sequential searching method is applied. The operation for the scheme is simple, as the macrocell/microcell cellular network has the advantage because a mobile user can receive a signal from both a microcell and the overlaid macrocell. Analytical models have been built for cost and delay evaluation. Numerical results show that, at relatively low cost, the crossing-tier scheme also achieves low paging delay.Index Terms-Mobility management, paging, location update, hierarchical cellular network, quality of service.

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Mobile location tracking by optimal paging zone partitioning

Cited by 18 publications

References 5 publications

A dynamic location management scheme for next-generation multitier PCS systems

A dynamic location management scheme for next-generation multitier PCS systems

User Independent Paging Scheme for Mobile IP

A crossing-tier location update/paging scheme in hierarchical cellular networks

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