Mizoribine oral pulse therapy for patients with disease flare of lupus nephritis

New algorithm (KAWAKAMI algorithm) to diagnose primary cutaneous vasculitis

“…Mizoribine is a purine synthesis inhibitor that has recently been developed as a new immunosuppressant in Japan. 47 This drug induces selective inhibition of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase and guanosine monophosphate synthetase, which inhibits T-and B-cell proliferation. 48 The pharmacological effects are the same as those of another purine biosynthesis inhibitor, mycophenolate mofetil.…”

“…55 Mizoribine has recently been proven clinically effective and safe for the treatment of nephrotic syndrome, 49 IgA nephropathy 56 and lupus nephritis. 47 Therefore, we propose prophylactic treatment of renal complications in patients with HSP.…”

Effective Treatment with Cyclosporine A of a Child with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Resistant to Cyclophosphamide Pulse Therapy

“…Aggressive immunosuppressive therapy, such as MPT, IVCY and MZR pulse therapy, has been reported to be effective for the treatment of SLE (Boumpas et al 1992;Gourley et al 1996;Lebman and Onel 2000;Tanaka et al 2001Tanaka et al , 2003, and of the available options, IVCY has been reported to be the most effective for the initial treatment of active SLE (Balow and Austin 2004). Boletis et al (1999) reported that approximately 80% of patients with active lupus nephritis showed satisfactory response to 6 monthly IVCY, with a reduction in the number of unexpected severe exacerbations.…”

“…Aggressive immunosuppressive therapy, such as methylprednisolone pulse therapy (MPT) (Tanaka et al 2001), intermittent intravenous cyclophosphamide pulse therapy (IVCY) (Boumpas et al 1992;Gourley et al 1996;Lebman and Onel 2000) and oral mizoribine (MZR) pulse therapy (Tanaka et al 2003), have been used effectively for the control of disease activity in patients with SLE. Recently, cyclosporine A (CsA) has been reported as another treatment option for cases of refractory SLE, resistant to aggressive immunosuppressive therapy (Coccavo et al 1997;Sakano et al 2004).…”

Treatment of Pediatric-Onset Lupus Nephritis: A New Option of Less Cytotoxic Immunosuppressive Therapy

“…Clinically, MZR has been successfully used without any serious adverse effects for the long-term treatment of young patients with lupus nephritis (Tanaka et al, 2004;Yumura et al, 2005). Based on previous clinical observations, the efficacy of MZR may depend on the peak serum level of the drug www.intechopen.com Treatment of Pediatric-Onset Lupus Nephritis: A New Option of Less Cytotoxic Immunosuppressive Therapy 277 (Tanaka et al, 2003;Nozu et al, 2006;Kuroda et al, 2007). In addition, it has been reported that a peak serum MZR level of at least 2.5-3.0 μg/mL may be needed to effectively suppress of serum anti-dsDNA antibody titers and attain satisfactory clinical efficacy in lupus nephritis patients (Tanaka et al, 2005).…”