Mixed-Type Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection in an Adult

Wang, Zhiheng; Qi, Weibo; Hu, Yi; Zhao, Junjie; Shi, Guping; Yang, Fan; Zhu, Wenjun

doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2010.06.126

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The surgical classification of various types of TAPVC has been described, including instances with mixed types of drainage. 2,3 But TAPVC with obliterated vertical vein is uncommon. Obstructed drainage from a vertical vein to the systemic venous system is itself a risk factor for poor outcome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Totally Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection With Obliterated Vertical Vein

Mishra

Pujara

Jain

et al. 2016

World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Totally Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection With Obliterated Vertical Vein

Mishra

Pujara

Jain

et al. 2016

World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg

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“…In most cases, echocardiography is sufficient and preferable but sometimes can only identify two or three veins, which can lead to misdiagnosis. Some reports [7] have shown that the mixed type is the most difficult type to diagnose, with 4 (44.4%) patients who were diagnosed only after surgical examination [6]. In order to identify all four veins, computed tomography angiography should be applied, which can provide not only an accurate description of the pulmonary venous drainage pattern but also delineate the pulmonary vein anatomy in patients with suspected asymmetrical PVO, despite the radiation exposure [8,9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed type of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection: diagnosis, surgical approach and outcomes

Xiang

Pan

et al. 2020

J Cardiothorac Surg

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Purpose To summarize the diagnosis and treatment of 13 patients with mixed-type total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) and propose another classification for mixed TAPVC. Methods A retrospective review of 13 patients with mixed TAPVC undergoing repair at a single institution was conducted between January 2010 and November 2019. The diagnosis of mixed-type TAPVC was made in all patients using echocardiography combined with computed tomography angiography. According to the mixed TAPVC anatomy, there were 3 patients with type I TAPVC (2 + 2 veins), 10 patients with type II TAPVC (3 + 1 veins) and no patients with type III TAPVC. Correspondingly, there was 1 patient with the “SVC + VV” subtype, 2 patients with the “CS + C” subtype, 8 patients with the “CS + VV” subtype, 1 patient with the “CS + SVC” subtype and 1 patient with the “RA + SVC” subtype according to our classification system. All patients underwent cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Results The median weight at surgery was 4.6 ± 1.0 kg (3.4–7.3 kg), and the median age at surgery was 96.2 ± 81.2 days (10–242 days). The median cardiopulmonary bypass time was 132.7 ± 25.1 min (range, 100 to 190 min). The cross-clamping time was 69.2 ± 14.4 min (range, 45 to 88 min). The hospital mortality rate was 7.7% (1 of 13), with late mortality occurring in 1 patient because of pulmonary venous obstruction (PVO) 7 months after surgery. The average follow-up after surgery was 3.4 ± 2.2 years (range, 5 months to 8 years). The survival rates at 3 and 5 years were both 90.9% ± 8.7% (95% CI: 73.8–108%). All remaining surviving patients were asymptomatic. Conclusion Mixed TAPVC can be repaired with good results in children and can be correctly diagnosed with echocardiography combined with computed tomography angiography. The classification system we propose is pragmatic and can guide the surgical approach.

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“…In most cases, echocardiography is su cient and preferable but sometimes can only identify two or three veins, which can lead to misdiagnosis. Some reports 7 have shown that the mixed type is the most di cult type to diagnose, with 4 (44.4%) patients who were diagnosed only after surgical examination 6 . In order to identify all four veins, computed tomography angiography should be applied, which can provide not only an accurate description of the pulmonary venous drainage pattern but also delineate the pulmonary vein anatomy in patients with suspected asymmetrical PVO, despite the radiation exposure 8,9 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed type of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection: diagnosis, surgical approach and outcomes

Xiang

Pan

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Purpose To summarize the diagnosis and treatment of 13 patients with mixed-type total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) and propose another classification for mixed TAPVC. Methods A retrospective review of 13 patients with mixed TAPVC undergoing repair at a single institution was conducted between January 2010 and November 2019. The diagnosis of mixed-type TAPVC was made in all patients using echocardiography combined with computed tomography angiography. According to the mixed TAPVC anatomy, there were 3 patients with type I TAPVC (2+2 veins), 10 patients with type II TAPVC (3+1 veins) and no patients with type III TAPVC. Correspondingly, there was 1 patient with the “SVC+VV” subtype, 2 patients with the “CS+C” subtype, 8 patients with the “CS+VV” subtype, 1 patient with the “CS+SVC” subtype and 1 patient with the “RA+SVC” subtype according to our classification system. All patients underwent cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Results The median weight at surgery was 4.6±1.0 kg (3.4-7.3 kg), and the median age at surgery was 96.2±81.2 days (10-242 days). The median cardiopulmonary bypass time was 132.7±25.1 minutes (range, 100 to 190 min). The cross-clamping time was 69.2±14.4 minutes (range, 45 to 88 min). The hospital mortality rate was 7.7% (1 of 13), with late mortality occurring in 1 patient because of pulmonary venous obstruction (PVO) 7 months after surgery. The average follow-up after surgery was 3.4 ± 2.2 years (range, 5 months to 8 years). The survival rates at 3 and 5 years were both 90.9% ± 8.7% (95% CI: 73.8%-108%). All remaining surviving patients were asymptomatic. Conclusion Mixed TAPVC can be repaired with good results in children and can be correctly diagnosed with echocardiography combined with computed tomography angiography. The classification system we propose is pragmatic and can guide the surgical approach.

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Mixed-Type Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection in an Adult

Cited by 6 publications

References 3 publications

Totally Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection With Obliterated Vertical Vein

Totally Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection With Obliterated Vertical Vein

Mixed type of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection: diagnosis, surgical approach and outcomes

Mixed type of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection: diagnosis, surgical approach and outcomes

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