Recently,
TiO2 crystals have been modified by transition-metal
dopants with different physicochemical structures to attain distinguished
properties. Considering the similar ionic sizes of V4+ (0.058
nm) and Ti4+ (0.061 nm), vanadium in the +4 state can be
effectively incorporated into the crystal lattice of TiO2 to tune the band gap energy by creating an impurity energy level
(V5+/V4+) below the conduction band (2.1 eV)
and retaining the anatase phase. In vanadium-incorporated TiO2 (V/TiO2), V4+ is a good dopant candidate
as it can increase the lifetime of the charge carrier and reduce the
electron–hole recombination rate, which results in high antibacterial
activity under visible light irradiation. The present study explores
the V/TiO2-based hot-dip zinc coating with enhanced electrochemical
properties and long-term stability for combating biocorrosion. All
the composites and the coatings are characterized by different techniques,
including X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, field
emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis,
confocal laser scanning microscopy, optical surface profilometry,
and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The biofilm formation assay
and the cell viability assay reveal that the tuned composition of
the V/TiO2-based hot-dip zinc coating effectively kills
the adherent bacteria and inhibits biofilm formation on the surface.
The high-charge-transfer resistance (225.67, 223.63, and 242.35 Ω
cm2) and the high-inhibition efficiency (92.24, 92.30,
and 92.02%) of the tuned composition of the V/TiO2-based
hot-dip zinc coating confirm its efficient and sustainable antibiocorrosion
performance and long-term stability even after an exposure period
of 21 days in different bacterial environments. With the inherent
antibacterial properties and antibiocorrosion performance of the developed
V/TiO2-based hot-dip zinc coating, the mild steel substrates
can find potential application in different fields, including aquatic
and marine environments.