Mixed <i>Ehrlichia canis, Hepatozoon canis</i>, and presumptive <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i> infection in a dog

Mylonakis, Mathios E.; Koutinas, A. F.; Baneth, Gad; Polizopoulou, Z. S.; Fytianou, A.

doi:10.1111/j.1939-165x.2004.tb00382.x

Cited by 39 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Our results indicating the presence of H. canis are in agreement with results from neighboring countries (Karagenc et al 2006;Mylonakis et al 2004). Piroplasmosis is among the most important tick-borne infection in dogs, distributed nearly worldwide (Irwin 2010).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Stray dogs of northern Jordan as reservoirs of ticks and tick-borne hemopathogens

et al. 2012

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Stray dogs of northern Jordan as reservoirs of ticks and tick-borne hemopathogens

et al. 2012

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“…This dog, which was also infected with E. canis, presented ehrlichiosis signs. Recently, molecular evidence of A. phagocytophilum infection in sick dogs was represented in south of Italy and in Southern Greece (Manna et al 2004;Mylonakis et al 2004). More recently, in Tunisia, we detected A. phagocytophilum in I. ricinus and Hyalomma detritum ticks (Sarih et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Clinical, serological, and molecular evidence of ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis in dogs in Tunisia

M’ghirbi

Ghorbel²,

Amouri³

et al. 2008

Parasitol Res

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A seroepidemiological survey was conducted in five bioclimatic areas of Tunisia to determine the prevalence of antibodies to Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum antigens, surrogate markers of the agents of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) and canine granulocytic ehrlichiosis, respectively. Among 286 collected sera, 54.2% and 25.2% were seropositive for E. canis and A. phagocytophilum, respectively, by the indirect immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) test. Clinical and hematological tests were done only for 58 sick dogs from Tunis area. A reverse line blot (RLB) hybridization was then used to identify isolated Ehrlichia and Anaplasma species infecting dogs (n = 228). Among them, only two dogs were infected by A. phagocytophilum; ten sample dogs were demonstrated infected by E. canis and ten infected by Ehrlichia sp., from which one dog showed a mixed infection with A. phagocytophilum and E. canis and one with A. phagocytophilum and Ehrlichia sp. RLB findings were confirmed by sequencing; BLAST search against GenBank revealed high similarity of the sequence of Ehrlichia sp. PCR/RLB amplicons with Anaplasma platys 16S rRNA partial sequence.

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“…Cytological examination of buffy coat, bone marrow, and lymph node smears may be useful, particularly for clinical diagnosis of multiple vectorborne infections in dogs (23). However, direct visualization of A. platys, B. canis, and E. canis in blood smears of acutely infected dogs might be time-consuming, technically challenging, and diagnostically insensitive due to low-level parasitemia, which occurs more frequently in the chronic phase of these infections (7,41).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of Canine Vector-Borne Diseases in Young Dogs: a Longitudinal Study

Otranto¹,

Testini²,

Dantas‐Torres³

et al. 2010

J Clin Microbiol

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Canine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) pose a diagnostic challenge, particularly when a dog is coinfected with more than one pathogen. The purpose of this study was to generate information about the diagnosis of CVBDs in young dogs following their first exposure to flea, tick, sand fly, louse, and mosquito vectors. From March 2008 to May 2009, 10 purpose-bred young naive beagle dogs and a cohort of 48 mixed-breed dogs living in an area to which CVBD is endemic in southern Italy were monitored using different diagnostic tests (cytology, serology, and PCR). Overall, PCR detected the highest number of dogs infected with Anaplasma platys, Babesia vogeli, and Ehrlichia canis, whereas seroconversion was a more sensitive indicator of exposure to Leishmania infantum. For A. platys infection, combining blood and buffy coat cytology in parallel enhanced the relative sensitivity (SE rel ) (87.3%). For B. vogeli, the best diagnostic combination was buffy coat cytology and serology used in parallel (SE rel , 67.5%), whereas serology and PCR used in parallel (SE rel , 100%) was the best combination for L. infantum. Overall, 12 (20.7%) dogs were coinfected; however, the percentage of new coinfections decreased from baseline (50%) to the first (33.3%) and second (16.6%) follow-up time points. Numbers of coinfections with A. platys and B. vogeli were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than coinfections with other pathogen combinations. The data generated in this study provide insights on the incidence of certain pathogens infecting young dogs in southern Italy, highlight important diagnostic testing limitations, and support the use of multiple diagnostic modalities when attempting to confirm a tick-borne infection in an individual dog or in a canine population.

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Mixed Ehrlichia canis, Hepatozoon canis, and presumptive Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in a dog

Cited by 39 publications

References 16 publications

Stray dogs of northern Jordan as reservoirs of ticks and tick-borne hemopathogens

Stray dogs of northern Jordan as reservoirs of ticks and tick-borne hemopathogens

Clinical, serological, and molecular evidence of ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis in dogs in Tunisia

Diagnosis of Canine Vector-Borne Diseases in Young Dogs: a Longitudinal Study

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