Mitochondrial impairment as an early event in the process of apoptosis induced by glutathione depletion in neuronal cells: relevance to Parkinson’s disease

Merad-Boudia, Mansouria; Nicole, Annie; Santiard-Baron, Dominique; Saillé, Christophe; Ceballos-Picot, Irène

doi:10.1016/s0006-2952(97)00647-3

Cited by 219 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Since GSH is present in mitochondria, a critical intracellular target for ROS as well as electrophile-mediated neuronal cell injury (Merad-Boudia et al, 1998), we next examined if D3T could cause elevation of mitochondrial GSH content. As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potent induction of total cellular GSH and NQO1 as well as mitochondrial GSH by 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and primary human neurons: Protection against neurocytotoxicity elicited by dopamine, 6-hydroxydopamine, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, or hydrogen peroxide

et al. 2008

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Evidence suggests oxidative and electrophilic stress as a major factor contributing to the neuronal cell death in neurodegenerative disorders, especially Parkinson's disease. Consistent with this concept, administration of exogenous antioxidants has been shown to be protective against oxidative/ electrophilic neurodegeneration. However, whether induction of endogenous antioxidants and phase 2 enzymes by the unique chemoprotectant, 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (D3T) in neuronal cells also affords protection against oxidative and electrophilic neurocytotoxicity has not been carefully investigated. In this study, we showed that incubation of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells or primary human neurons with micromolar concentrations (10-100 μM) of D3T for 24 h resulted in significant increases in the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), two crucial cellular defenses against oxidative and electrophilic stress. D3T treatment also caused increases in mRNA expression of γ-glutamylcysteine ligase catalytic subunit and NQO1 in SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, D3T treatment of the neuronal cells also resulted in a marked elevation of GSH content in the mitochondrial compartment. To determine the protective effects of the D3T-induced cellular defenses on neurotoxicant-elicited cell injury, SH-SY5Y cells were pretreated with D3T for 24 h and then exposed to dopamine, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), or H 2 O 2 , agents that are known to be involved in neuron degeneration. We observed that D3T-pretreatment of SH-SY5Y cells led to significant protection against the cytotoxicity elicited by the above neurotoxicants. Similar neurocytoprotective effects of D3T-pretreatment were also observed in primary human neurons exposed to 6-OHDA or HNE. Taken together, this study demonstrates that D3T potently induces neuronal cellular GSH and NQO1 as well as mitochondrial GSH, and that such upregulated endogenous defenses are accompanied by increased resistance to oxidative and electrophilic neurocytotoxicity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potent induction of total cellular GSH and NQO1 as well as mitochondrial GSH by 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and primary human neurons: Protection against neurocytotoxicity elicited by dopamine, 6-hydroxydopamine, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, or hydrogen peroxide

et al. 2008

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“…136 Recent reports have shown a direct link between a reduction in GSH content and apoptosis in neuronal cells associated with neurodegeneration. 8,137 Glutathione metabolism is reported to be altered in affected brain regions and peripheral cells from AD patients while its levels are depleted in experimental models of AD. 138 AD is associated with the formation of amyloid plaques in the brains of AD patients.…”

Section: Gsh Apoptosis and Disease Progressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact GSH depletion has been proposed as one of the early biochemical events associated with neuronal apoptosis in PD. 137 Decreases in total GSH concentrations in the substantia nigra have been observed in preclinical stages of PD, at a time at which other biochemical changes are not yet detectable. 144 Thiol antioxidants, such as GSH and NAC, have been reported to prevent apoptosis induced by dopamine in neural cultures, which is proposed to mediate oxidative stress during PD by its auto-oxidation.…”

Section: Gsh Apoptosis and Disease Progressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apoptosis and glutathione: beyond an antioxidant

2009

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Apoptosis is a conserved homeostatic process critical for organ and tissue morphogenesis, development, and senescence. This form of programmed cell death also participates in the etiology of several human diseases including cancer, neurodegenerative, and autoimmune disorders. Although the signaling pathways leading to the progression of apoptosis have been extensively characterized, recent studies highlight the regulatory role of changes in the intracellular milieu (permissive apoptotic environment) in the efficient activation of the cell death machinery. In particular, glutathione (GSH) depletion is a common feature of apoptotic cell death triggered by a wide variety of stimuli including activation of death receptors, stress, environmental agents, and cytotoxic drugs. Although initial studies suggested that GSH depletion was only a byproduct of oxidative stress generated during cell death, recent discoveries suggest that GSH depletion and post-translational modifications of proteins through glutathionylation are critical regulators of apoptosis. Here, we reformulate these emerging paradigms into our current understanding of cell death mechanisms. Apoptosis or programmed cell death is a ubiquitous homeostatic process involved in numerous biological systems. Under physiological conditions it is critical not only in the turnover of cells in tissues but also during normal development and senescence. Moreover, its deregulation has been widely observed to occur as either a cause or consequence of distinct pathologies including cancer, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative diseases. Apoptosis is a highly organized program induced by a myriad of stimuli that are characterized by the progressive activation of precise pathways leading to specific biochemical and morphological alterations in individual cells without involving an inflammatory response. Early stages of apoptosis are characterized by initiator caspase activation, cell shrinkage, loss of plasma membrane lipid asymmetry, and chromatin condensation. The execution phase of apoptosis is characterized by activation of executioner caspases and endonucleases, apoptotic body formation, and cell fragmentation 1 (Figure 1). Interestingly, recent studies have shown that changes in the intracellular milieu of the cells, such as alterations in the redox environment, are important regulators of the progression to apoptosis. 2 These discoveries have lead to the concept of a permissive apoptotic environment necessary for the activation of the proper signaling pathways regulating apoptosis. Glutathione (GSH) depletion is an early hallmark in the progression of cell death in response to a variety of apoptotic stimuli in numerous cell types 3,4 (Figure 2), although the exact role of GSH depletion in apoptosis is still controversial. We review recent data that show new insights into the understanding of the causes and consequences that alterations in the redox environment of the cell have on apoptosis.The Role of GSH in the Regulation of Apoptosis GSH synthesis, depletion, and apopt...

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“…ROS formation and the oxidation of dopamine are thought to contribute to this process [80][81][82][83][84]. One study found that Tempol protected dopamine secreting cells in vitro from 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced apoptosis [85].…”

Section: Neurodegenerative Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The chemistry and biology of nitroxide compounds

Soule

Hyodo

Matsumoto

et al. 2007

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

459

387

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Cyclic nitroxides are a diverse range of stable free radicals that have unique antioxidant properties. Because of their ability to interact with free radicals, they have been used for many years as biophysical tools. During the past 15-20 years, however, many interesting biochemical interactions have been discovered and harnessed for therapeutic applications. Biologically relevant effects of nitroxides have been described including their ability to degrade superoxide and peroxide, inhibit Fenton reactions and undergo radical-radical recombination. Cellular studies defined the activity of nitroxides in vitro. By modifying oxidative stress and altering the redox status of tissues, nitroxides have been found to interact with and alter many metabolic processes. These interactions can be exploited for therapeutic and research use including protection against ionizing radiation, as probes in functional magnetic resonance imaging, cancer prevention and treatment, control of hypertension and weight, and protection from damage resulting from ischemia/reperfusion injury. While much remains to be done, many applications have been well studied and some are presently being tested in clinical trials. The therapeutic and research uses of nitroxide compounds are reviewed here with a focus on the progress from initial development to modern trials.

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Mitochondrial impairment as an early event in the process of apoptosis induced by glutathione depletion in neuronal cells: relevance to Parkinson’s disease

Cited by 219 publications

References 61 publications

Potent induction of total cellular GSH and NQO1 as well as mitochondrial GSH by 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and primary human neurons: Protection against neurocytotoxicity elicited by dopamine, 6-hydroxydopamine, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, or hydrogen peroxide

Potent induction of total cellular GSH and NQO1 as well as mitochondrial GSH by 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and primary human neurons: Protection against neurocytotoxicity elicited by dopamine, 6-hydroxydopamine, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, or hydrogen peroxide

Apoptosis and glutathione: beyond an antioxidant

The chemistry and biology of nitroxide compounds

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