Mitochondrial energy metabolism is regulated via nuclear-coded subunits of cytochrome c oxidase11This article is dedicated to the memory of the late Professor Lars Ernster.

Kadenbach, Bernhard; Hüttemann, Maik; Arnold, Susanne; Lee, Icksoo; Bender, Elisabeth

doi:10.1016/s0891-5849(00)00305-1

Cited by 241 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…This area interacts with the nuclear-encoded COX VIIa and COX VIIc subunits in the bovine heart enzyme (PDB accession code 1v54; ref. 17), of which VIIa moreover occurs in tissue-specific forms (16). Extensive studies with yeast have shown that subunit VIIa (corresponding to VII in yeast) is essential for assembly of the COX holoenzyme, and that subunit VIIc (corresponding to VIII in yeast) is not necessary but modulates COX catalytic activity (37,38).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Residues 113 and 114 of helix 3 of COX subunit I are shown as red space-filling models. Cytochrome c, in green, is shown superimposed by using coordinates from the P. denitrificans oxidase (1ar1.pdb)͞cytochrome c docked complex (16). COX I residues 113 and 114 and the C terminus of COX VIIa lie directly at the cytochrome c docking base.…”

Section: Cox Evolution In Bladderworts and Corkscrew Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…enzyme cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the main catalytic subunits of which are highly conserved among prokaryotes and eukaryotes (16). Comparison with the structure of bovine COX (17) implicates a 2-aa motif, absent from Ϸ99.9% of all other cellular organisms studied, that may alter the dissociation kinetics of cytochrome c docking to the COX holoenzyme (18).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Adaptive evolution of cytochrome c oxidase: Infrastructure for a carnivorous plant radiation

Jobson

Nielsen

Laakkonen

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Much recent attention in the study of adaptation of organismal form has centered on developmental regulation. As such, the highly conserved respiratory machinery of eukaryotic cells might seem an unlikely target for selection supporting novel morphologies. We demonstrate that a dramatic molecular evolutionary rate increase in subunit I of cytochrome c oxidase (COX) from an active-trapping lineage of carnivorous plants is caused by positive Darwinian selection. Bladderworts (Utricularia) trap plankton when water-immersed, negatively pressured suction bladders are triggered. The resetting of traps involves active ion transport, requiring considerable energy expenditure. As judged from the quaternary structure of bovine COX, the most profound adaptive substitutions are two contiguous cysteines absent in Ϸ99.9% of databased COX I sequences from Eukaryota, Archaea, and Bacteria. This motif lies directly at the docking point of COX I helix 3 and cytochrome c, and modeling of bovine COX I suggests the possibility of an unprecedented helix-terminating disulfide bridge that could alter COX͞cytochrome c dissociation kinetics. Thus, the key adaptation in Utricularia likely lies in molecular energetic changes that buttressed the mechanisms responsible for the bladderworts' radical morphological evolution. Along with evidence for COX evolution underlying expansion of the anthropoid neocortex, our findings underscore that important morphological and physiological innovations must often be accompanied by specific adaptations in proteins with basic cellular functions. molecular adaptation ͉ positive selection ͉ cellular energetics ͉ protein structure ͉ developmental regulation

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cox Evolution In Bladderworts and Corkscrew Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adaptive evolution of cytochrome c oxidase: Infrastructure for a carnivorous plant radiation

Jobson

Nielsen

Laakkonen

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Different isoforms of subunits occur in different tissues (Kadenbach et al. 2000) and at different developmental stages (Bonne et al. 1993).…”

Section: Speciation Via Mitonuclear Coevolution To Maintain Coadaptationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitonuclear coevolution as the genesis of speciation and the mitochondrial DNA barcode gap

Hill

2016

Ecology and Evolution

133

170

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Mitochondrial genes are widely used in taxonomy and systematics because high mutation rates lead to rapid sequence divergence and because such changes have long been assumed to be neutral with respect to function. In particular, the nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 has been established as a highly effective DNA barcode for diagnosing the species boundaries of animals. Rarely considered in discussions of mitochondrial evolution in the context of systematics, speciation, or DNA barcodes, however, is the genomic architecture of the eukaryotes: Mitochondrial and nuclear genes must function in tight coordination to produce the complexes of the electron transport chain and enable cellular respiration. Coadaptation of these interacting gene products is essential for organism function. I extend the hypothesis that mitonuclear interactions are integral to the process of speciation. To maintain mitonuclear coadaptation, nuclear genes, which code for proteins in mitochondria that cofunction with the products of mitochondrial genes, must coevolve with rapidly changing mitochondrial genes. Mitonuclear coevolution in isolated populations leads to speciation because population‐specific mitonuclear coadaptations create between‐population mitonuclear incompatibilities and hence barriers to gene flow between populations. In addition, selection for adaptive divergence of products of mitochondrial genes, particularly in response to climate or altitude, can lead to rapid fixation of novel mitochondrial genotypes between populations and consequently to disruption in gene flow between populations as the initiating step in animal speciation. By this model, the defining characteristic of a metazoan species is a coadapted mitonuclear genotype that is incompatible with the coadapted mitochondrial and nuclear genotype of any other population.

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“…However, low Ψm values are found in perfused rat hearts (100–140 mV) 47, 48, cultured fibroblasts (105 mV) and neuroblastoma cells (81 mV) 49. Kadenbach's theory explained this discrepancy in a new hypothesis for the regulation of mitochondrial energy metabolism in living cells 9, 10, 50, 51, 52, 53. This hypothesis explains the increase of Ψm and the formation of ROS in mitochondria under stress conditions and excessive work 54.…”

Section: Ros Have Double Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting Kadenbach: Electron flux rate through cytochrome c‐oxidase determines the ATP‐inhibitory effect and subsequent production of ROS

et al. 2016

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Mitochondrial respiration is the predominant source of ATP. Excessive rates of electron transport cause a higher production of harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS). There are two regulatory mechanisms known. The first, according to Mitchel, is dependent on the mitochondrial membrane potential that drives ATP synthase for ATP production, and the second, the Kadenbach mechanism, is focussed on the binding of ATP to Cytochrome c Oxidase (CytOx) at high ATP/ADP ratios, which results in an allosteric conformational change to CytOx, causing inhibition. In times of stress, ATP‐dependent inhibition is switched off and the activity of CytOx is exclusively determined by the membrane potential, leading to an increase in ROS production. The second mechanism for respiratory control depends on the quantity of electron transfer to the Heme aa3 of CytOx. When ATP is bound to CytOx the enzyme is inhibited, and ROS formation is decreased, although the mitochondrial membrane potential is increased.

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Mitochondrial energy metabolism is regulated via nuclear-coded subunits of cytochrome c oxidase11This article is dedicated to the memory of the late Professor Lars Ernster.

Cited by 241 publications

References 110 publications

Adaptive evolution of cytochrome c oxidase: Infrastructure for a carnivorous plant radiation

Adaptive evolution of cytochrome c oxidase: Infrastructure for a carnivorous plant radiation

Mitonuclear coevolution as the genesis of speciation and the mitochondrial DNA barcode gap

Revisiting Kadenbach: Electron flux rate through cytochrome c‐oxidase determines the ATP‐inhibitory effect and subsequent production of ROS

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