Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Risk of Oral Cancer: A Report from Northeast India

Mondal, Rosy; Ghosh, Sankar Kumar; Choudhury, Joydeep; Anil, Seram; Sinha, Kavita; Hussain, Marine; Laskar, Ruhina Shirin; Rabha, Bijuli; Dey, Pradip; Sabitri, Ganguli; NathChoudhury, Monisha; Talukdar, Fazlur Rahman; Chaudhuri, Biswadeep; Dhar, Bishal

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057771

Cited by 68 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…The content of mitochondria (mitochondrial DNA copy number) changes with the changed status of cells and may increase or decrease (59)(60)(61)(62). In the present study, we found that non-essential amino acids maintained a constant mitochondria content in gastric cancer cells undergoing glucose starvation, which indicates that non-essential amino acids may reduce the decreasing effect on the content of mitochondria that are induced by glucose starvation and thus sustain cell viability (63).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Non-essential amino acids attenuate apoptosis of gastric cancer cells induced by glucose starvation

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Energy and nutrition are essential requirements for all living cells, including cancer cells. In the initiating stage of cancer in organs, cancer cells grow fast and have inadequate supplies of glucose, oxygen and other nutrients due to deficient angiogenesis. Anaerobic conditions cause cancer cells to rely on glycolysis, which produces pyruvate and ATP that can be used by cancer cells to survive. However, glucose starvation may result in apoptosis or necrosis of cancer cells. It has been reported that autophagy is a consequence of glucose starvation and that amino acids are products of autophagy. The present study investigated whether amino acids may represent an alternative energy source for cancer cells undergoing glucose starvation. With non-essential amino acids, growth inhibition and apoptosis of gastric cancer cells induced by glucose starvation were attenuated compared with that of cells undergoing glucose starvation without amino acids, as measured by cell viability, apoptosis rates, membrane potential of mitochondria, and apoptosis-related genes. Meanwhile, both mitochondrial DNA copy number and amino acid transporter genes were increased compared with those in control cells. Non-essential amino acids prevented gastric cancer cells from glucose starvation-induced apoptosis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Non-essential amino acids attenuate apoptosis of gastric cancer cells induced by glucose starvation

et al. 2014

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“…The reported HPV prevalence in oral cancers in India varied from 0 to 100% in studies using biopsies in cases and PCR assay for HPV detection and genotyping. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] For the studies using a methodology similar to ours (oral brushing to collect epithelial cells instead of biopsy, combined with PCR for detection and genotyping), the prevalence reported for oral cancer cases was 31.5 26 and 32.4%. 15 Our results are in agreement with two studies conducted in Gujarat and Mumbai in West India, which reported a null prevalence of HPV in oral cancer using biopsies (in one of the studies, only HPV-16 and 18 were tested).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 One-on-one semistructured interviews using a questionnaire and life grid technique, which has been shown to improve recall, 13 were conducted by three professionally trained dentists. Data collected included sociodemographic information, religious beliefs, environmental variables and sexual behavior including age at first sexual intercourse, number of sexual partners and oral sex practice frequency during three different life stages ( 16,(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30) and >30 years).…”

Section: Patient and Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No role for human papillomavirus infection in oral cancers in a region in southern India

Laprise

Madathil

Allison

et al. 2015

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Oral cancer is a major public health issue in India with~77,000 new cases and 52,000 deaths yearly. Paan chewing, tobacco and alcohol use are strong risk factors for this cancer in India. Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are also related to a subset of head and neck cancers (HNCs). We examined the association between oral HPV and oral cancer in a sample of Indian subjects participating in a hospital-based case-control study. We recruited incident oral cancer cases (N 5 350) and controls frequencymatched by age and sex (N 5 371) from two main referral hospitals in Kerala, South India. Sociodemographic and behavioral data were collected by interviews. Epithelial cells were sampled using Oral CDx V R brushes from the oral cancer site and the normal mucosa. Detection and genotyping of 36 HPV genotypes were done using a polymerase chain reaction protocol. Data collection procedures were performed by qualified dentists via a detailed protocol with strict quality control, including independent HPV testing in India and Canada. HPV DNA was detected in none of the cases or controls. Associations between oral cancer and risk factors usually associated with HPV infection, such as oral sex and number of lifetime sexual partners, were examined by logistic regression and were not associated with oral cancer. Lack of a role for HPV infection in this study may reflect cultural or religious characteristics specific to this region in India that are not conducive to oral HPV transmission. A nationwide representative prevalence study is needed to investigate HPV prevalence variability among Indian regions.Worldwide, nearly 300,000 new cases of oral cancers are diagnosed each year, accounting for 145,000 deaths. Approximately 77,000 new cases and 52,000 oral cancer-related deaths occur yearly in India, representing a quarter of all incident cases in the world. 1 Known risk factors include tobacco smoking and chewing, high alcohol consumption and, in a country such as India, paan chewing. 2 Oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has recently been recognized as another important risk factor for head and neck cancer (HNC), mainly for the oropharyngeal cancer subsite. In fact,

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“…Both RNA and cDNA concentrations were determined spectrophotometrically (Biorad Spectronanodrop). The primer sequences included sense 5'-ATTGTTCCGTTCTTCTTGACTT-3' and antisense 5'-AGTGTGATGTGAAGGATTATG-3' for ARG1 (148bp), sense 5'-GGTCCCGCTGCCATAAGAG-3' and anti-sense 5'-CGTGGATTCACTATCAGGTTGTTG-3' f o r A R G 2 ( 1 3 7 b p ) , s e n s e 5'-GGATCCAAATGTGGCTGCGTTCAT-3' and antisense 5'-AACAGCCAGCCATCTACCAGTTCT-3' f o r O A T ( 1 7 5 b p ) , s e n s e 5'-GTGGGTGATTGGATGCTCTTTG-3' and anti-sense 5'-AGGCCCTGACATCACATAGTAG-3' for ODC (108bp), sense 5'-GAAATCCCATCACCATCTTCC-3' and anti-sense 5'-GAGCCCCAGCCTTCTCCATG -3 ' f o r G A P D H ( 1 2 0 b p ) , a n d s e n s e 5'-TGGATCAGCAAGCAGGAGTATG-3' and antisense 5'-AAGAAAGGGTGTAACGCAACTAAG-3' for β-actin (98bp) (Bergeron et al, 2007;Wolf et al, 2007;Haenisch et al, 2008;Kitowska et al, 2008;Kim et al, 2012;Mondal et al, 2013). For all analysis, sqPCR assays were performed in a 25 µL system containing PCR master mix, 30ng first-strand cDNA template and 0.4 µM appropriate primers.…”

Section: 7031 Modulation Of L-arginine-arginase Metabolic Pathway Enmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of L-Arginine-Arginase Metabolic Pathway Enzymes: Immunocytochemistry and mRNA Expression in Peripheral Blood and Tissue Levels in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas in North East India

Srivastava

Ghosh²

2015

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Background: Arginine may play important roles in tumor progression by providing ornithine for polyamine biosynthesis, required for cell growth. The aim of this work was to determine the expression of arginine metabolic pathway enzymes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in northeast India. Materials and Methods: The expressions of arginase isoforms (ARG1 and ARG2), ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) were examined in fifty paired HNSCC and adjacent non-tumor tissues by immunohistochemistry. Immunocytochemistry, semiquantitative reverse transcription sq-PCR and quantitative real-time qPCR were used to assess protein and mRNA expressions in peripheral blood of fifty HNSCC patients and hundred controls. Results: ARG1 and ODC protein and mRNA were strongly expressed in peripheral blood from HNSCC patients. No ARG2 expression was observed. In vivo, expression of ARG1, ARG2 and ODC was significantly higher in tumor than in non-tumor tissues. Most tumors expressed low levels of OAT, with no difference in tissues or blood, compared to controls. The absolute extent of maximal ARG1 upregulation with qPCR showed 6.23 fold increase in HNSCC. Conclusions: These findings strongly suggest that in HNSCCs, the ARG1 pathway is stimulated leading to the formation of polyamines as indicated by higher ODC expression, which promote tumor growth.

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Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Risk of Oral Cancer: A Report from Northeast India

Cited by 68 publications

References 54 publications

Non-essential amino acids attenuate apoptosis of gastric cancer cells induced by glucose starvation

Non-essential amino acids attenuate apoptosis of gastric cancer cells induced by glucose starvation

No role for human papillomavirus infection in oral cancers in a region in southern India

Modulation of L-Arginine-Arginase Metabolic Pathway Enzymes: Immunocytochemistry and mRNA Expression in Peripheral Blood and Tissue Levels in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas in North East India

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