Mitigation of Vacuum and Illumination-Induced Degradation in Perovskite Solar Cells by Structure Engineering

Abstract

This work shows that vacuum decreases operational lifetime of perovskite solar cells (ITO/SnO 2 /perovskite/Spiro-MeOTAD/Au) by accelerating perovskite decomposition starting from the grain boundaries, accompanied by outgassing and defect formation. These defects further accelerate ion migration (Li + , Au + and/ or Au 3+ , I À , and Br À ) across the device. We propose a robust perovskite solar cell structure (ITO/PTAA/perovskite/PCBM/ZnO/AZO/[Ni/Al grid]) that effectively mitigates these degradation pathways, leading to a device showing a projected T 80 lifetime of 4,750 h at its maximum power point condition, 1-sun illumination at 50 mbar.

Near‐Infrared‐Transparent Perovskite Solar Cells and Perovskite‐Based Tandem Photovoltaics

“…c,d) Reproduced with permission. [ 404 ] Copyright 2020, Elsevier Inc. e,f) Reproduced with permission. [ 405 ] Copyright 2019, The Royal Society of Chemistry.…”

“…Jiang et al. [ 404 ] recently evaluated the effect of PSC structures on their stability under two severe environmental stress conditions. First, under simultaneous illumination (1 sun equivalent) and low pressure (50 mbar), PSCs with state‐of‐the‐art structure (ITO/SnO 2 /perovskite/Spiro‐OMeTAD/Au, designated as structure A) shows a fast degradation rate of 1.369% h −1 .…”

Perovskite and Organic Solar Cells on a Rocket Flight

“…On the other hand, vacuum conditions can increase the outgassing and promote the illumination-induced defect formation and ion migration in perovskite solar cells, reducing long-term stability. 28 Nevertheless, appropriate solar cell architecture engineering has been shown to be a promising path toward minimizing the outgassing and ion accumulation to improve long-term operational stability. 28 Another independent way to prevent the influence of ambient vacuum could be appropriate encapsulation, which will likely play an important role for the long-term stability of HOPV devices.…”

“…28 Nevertheless, appropriate solar cell architecture engineering has been shown to be a promising path toward minimizing the outgassing and ion accumulation to improve long-term operational stability. 28 Another independent way to prevent the influence of ambient vacuum could be appropriate encapsulation, which will likely play an important role for the long-term stability of HOPV devices. 29 HOPVs exposed to cosmic particle radiation show a superior radiation hardness compared with Si or triple-junction space solar cells and show recovery and self-healing effects after exposure, making them particularly interesting for applications in orbits with strong exposure.…”

Electrical Loss Management by Molecularly Manipulating Dopant‐free Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) towards 16.93 % CsPbI2Br Solar Cells

“…Outgassing of hybrid perovskites has been observed under external stresses such as heat (80 8C in the case of MAPbI 3 [7] and 95 8C in the case of FAPbI 3 [8] ), illumination and low vacuum, causing perovskite degradation and device failure. [9][10][11] Recently, inorganic cesium lead halide (CsPbX 3 , X = I, Br) perovskites have attracted extensive attention because of their excellent thermal stability up to 417 8C. [12][13][14][15][16] However, they are more sensitive to moisture than organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites and tend to transform to the nonperovskite phases even at low relative humidity (R. H.) in a few seconds/minutes.…”