Misogyny in ‘post-war’ Afghanistan: the changing frames of sexual and gender-based violence

Ahmad, Lida; Avoine, Priscyll Anctil

doi:10.1080/09589236.2016.1210002

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A key component of economic theories of IPV is that with resources women can be independent, that is, women’s bottom line in negotiating violent relationships is her exit, but this was not a viable option for the women in the study. In Afghanistan, while divorce is legal, it remains highly stigmatised, more so if woman initiated, and leads to women losing access to their children and family support 37 38. There are very few shelters available and these are located only in major urban centres.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impacts of combined social and economic empowerment training on intimate partner violence, depression, gender norms and livelihoods among women: an individually randomised controlled trial and qualitative study in Afghanistan

et al. 2020

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IntroductionWe assessed whether the Women for Women International (WfWI) economic and social empowerment programme could reduce women’s experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) and depression in Afghanistan.MethodsWe conducted a two-arm individually randomised controlled trial in six urban and peri-urban communities. Communities were selected by WfWI for being conflict affected and showing signs of economic vulnerability (eg, little or no education, living in extreme poverty). Individual eligibility were female, aged 18–49, able to consent to participate and one woman per household. At 22 months, three primary outcomes were assessed: past year physical IPV experience; past year severe IPV experience; depressive symptoms. There was no blinding to arms. We conducted an intention-to-treat analysis, controlling for age. We also conducted qualitative interviews at endline, analysed using thematic analysis.Results1461 women (n=933 married) were recruited and randomised. Retention at endline was n=1210 (82%). Primary outcomes were in the hypothesised direction, but showed no significant impacts: physical IPV (adjusted OR (aOR) 0.88 (0.62 to 1.23)), severe IPV (aOR 0.75 (0.50 to 1.11)) and depressive symptoms (β −0.35 (−1.19 to 0.48)). Women reported reduced food insecurity (β −0.48 (−0.85 to –0.12)), higher earnings (β 3.79 (0.96 to 6.61)) and savings (β 11.79 (9.95 to 13.64)). Women reported less gender-inequitable attitudes (β −0.89 (−1.15 to –0.62)), more household decision-making (β 0.35 (−0.04 to 0.74)) and increased mobility (aOR 1.78 (1.27 to 2.50)). Twenty-eight in-depth interviews were conducted.ConclusionThe intervention did not impact IPV or depression. The intervention did improve livelihoods, create more gender-equitable relationships and increase women’s mobility. Translating these gains into IPV and depression reduction is critical.Trial registration numberNCT03236948, registered 2 August 2017.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impacts of combined social and economic empowerment training on intimate partner violence, depression, gender norms and livelihoods among women: an individually randomised controlled trial and qualitative study in Afghanistan

et al. 2020

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“…Moreover, the Afghanistan government's consideration of domestic violence as a public matter of concern has been haphazard. Government actors, NGOs, and activists continue to dispute whether domestic violence is a public issue requiring state involvement and legislation, or whether it should be protected as a private concern with no space for state intrusion (Ahmad & Avoine, 2016). The historically embedded perception of domestic violence as a private issue within Afghan society has meant that domestic violence receives very little attention in public spaces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(A/RES/48/104. Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women [EVAW], 1993) In Afghanistan, such gendered forms of violence against women may include domestic violence perpetrated by both husbands and mothers-in-law (Jewkes et al, 2019), forced marriage, honor killings, rape by strangers, body mutilation, and forced prostitution (Ahmad & Avoine, 2016;Gibbs et al, 2019;Mannell et al, 2018). Studies from other settings have shown that living in conflict settings significantly increases the likelihood that women will experience gendered forms of violence (Kelly et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Qualitative Study of Women’s Lived Experiences of Conflict and Domestic Violence in Afghanistan

Mannell¹,

Grewal²,

Ahmad

et al. 2020

Violence Against Women

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This article empirically explores women’s lived experiences of domestic violence and conflict in Afghanistan. A thematic analysis of 20 semistructured interviews with women living in safe houses produced three main themes about the relationship between conflict and domestic violence: (a) violence from loss of patriarchal support, (b) violence from the drug trade as an economic driver, and (c) violence from conflict-related poverty. We discuss the bidirectional nature of this relationship: Not only does conflict contribute to domestic violence, but domestic violence contributes to conflict through justifying armed intervention, separating women from economic and public life, and perpetuating patriarchy.

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“…First, SGBV is conceptualized so as to focus exclusively on women (Anani, 2013) and on the objective of protection (Carpenter, 2006;Freedman, 2010); most studies that focus on gender emphasize the experience of women, with the experience of men (Rettberger & Gajjala, 2016) and LGBTI people (Myrttinen, Khattab, & Maydaa, 2017) only recently being included. Second, the existing research focuses on the causes and consequences of sexual and physical violence, especially rape (Phipps et al, 2018), in different cases around the world (Ahmad & Avoine, 2018;Allen, 1996;Amowitz et al, 2002;Barstow, 2001;Keyngaert, Vettenburg, & Temmerman, 2012;Khawaja, 2004). While existing literature focuses on physical violence and its context, studies that address structural (Grabska, 2011) and symbolic (Sturm et al, 2007) violence, including the causes and consequences of economic and socio-cultural violence, are limited.…”

Section: Research On Sgbv In Forced Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Conceptualization problem in research and responses to sexual and gender-based violence in forced migration

Özçürümez

Akyüz

Bradby

2020

Journal of Gender Studies

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The conceptualization of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) has developed rapidly over recent decades and the understanding of SGBV in the context of forced migration continues to evolve. Based on a scoping review of scholarly work and reports by non-governmental organizations and international organizations between 1993 and 2018, this study identifies limitations to the current conceptualization of SGBV, and proposes a re-conceptualization. The paper argues that the existing literature overemphasizes the contexts of war zones and conflict and excludes postflight settings, and focuses mainly on the victimization of women, excluding other at-risk groups. The tendency to focus on conflict zones and to underline the victim status of women constrains the usefulness of the conceptualization for informing research as well as protection and response. This review considers the multifaceted causes and consequences of gendered vulnerabilities and insecurities that are exposed in forced migration processes in order to make sense of SGBV as a gendered harm. Through a constructivist and de-essentialising theoretical lens, the study proposes to conceptualize SGBV in terms of continuities in forced migration occuring over time in interwoven territories and a variety of contexts from countries of origin to settlement.

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Misogyny in ‘post-war’ Afghanistan: the changing frames of sexual and gender-based violence

Cited by 20 publications

References 12 publications

The impacts of combined social and economic empowerment training on intimate partner violence, depression, gender norms and livelihoods among women: an individually randomised controlled trial and qualitative study in Afghanistan

The impacts of combined social and economic empowerment training on intimate partner violence, depression, gender norms and livelihoods among women: an individually randomised controlled trial and qualitative study in Afghanistan

A Qualitative Study of Women’s Lived Experiences of Conflict and Domestic Violence in Afghanistan

The Conceptualization problem in research and responses to sexual and gender-based violence in forced migration

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