Misinterpreting data in lipidology in the era of COVID-19

Fogacci, Federica; Borghi, Claudio; Cicero, Arrigo Francesco Giuseppe

doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2020.07.004

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…However, the authors use the term "hypolipidemia" to refer to patients with total cholesterol <174 mg/dL. This definition of hypolipidemia is incorrect in the absence of a genetic diagnosis (Fogacci, 2020). The prevalence of patients with high cardiovascular risk may explain the observed LDL results.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Apolipoproteins A1/B and OxLDL Levels in Patients with Covid-19 As Possible Markers of the Disease

et al. 2021

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The COVID-19 infection is associated with dyslipidemia and cardiovascular complications. The aim of the study was to determine the content of ApoA1, ApoB, and oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) in the plasma of patients ( n = 81) with COVID-19, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). ApoA1, ApoB, and oxLDL were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits (Elabscience, United States). The measurements were performed at an optical wavelength of 450 nm. It was shown that the level of ApoA1 in the blood of patients with type 2 diabetes and especially with COVID-19 was significantly lower than in the blood of healthy people. Blood ApoA1 levels did not show a further decrease in patients with both COVID-19 and diabetes or CVD compared to patients with COVID-19 without concomitant diseases. It was found that the level of ApoB in the blood of patients with diabetes and, especially, with COVID-19 is significantly higher than in the blood of healthy people. Blood levels of ApoB and oxLDL are higher in patients with both COVID-19 and diabetes or CVD compared to patients with COVID-19 without comorbidities. Thus, levels of ApoA1, ApoB, and oxLDL may be promising markers of COVID-19.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Apolipoproteins A1/B and OxLDL Levels in Patients with Covid-19 As Possible Markers of the Disease

et al. 2021

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“…Additionally, decreased LDL-C was observed in some severe COVID-19 cases ( 174 , 175 ). Such finding may due to a more intensive lipid-lowering treatment in patients with high cardiovascular risk who are more vulnerable to COVID-19 ( 176 ), and deeper analysis is warranted to better prescribe appropriate intensity statin therapy.…”

Section: Cautions About Statins Use In Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hypolipidemia is harmful. Decreased LDL-C is observed in some COVID-19 patients and associated with COVID-19 severity ( 174 , 175 ), yet such findings may due to a more intensive lipid-lowering treatment in patients with high cardiovascular risk who are more vulnerable to COVID-19 ( 176 ). Low-, moderate-, high-intensity statin therapy should be applied according to specific LDL-C lowering needs.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Actions, Implications, and Cautions of Statins Therapy in COVID-19

et al. 2022

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The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) showed worse prognosis and higher mortality in individuals with obesity. Dyslipidemia is a major link between obesity and COVID-19 severity. Statins as the most common lipid regulating drugs have shown favorable effects in various pathophysiological states. Importantly, accumulating observational studies have suggested that statin use is associated with reduced risk of progressing to severe illness and in-hospital death in COVID-19 patients. Possible explanations underlie these protective impacts include their abilities of reducing cholesterol, suppressing viral entry and replication, anti-inflammation and immunomodulatory effects, as well as anti-thrombosis and anti-oxidative properties. Despite these benefits, statin therapies have side effects that should be considered, such as elevated creatinine kinase, liver enzyme and serum glucose levels, which are already elevated in severe COVID-19. Concerns are also raised whether statins interfere with the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines. Randomized controlled trials are being conducted worldwide to confirm the values of statin use for COVID-19 treatment. Generally, the results suggest no necessity to discontinue statin use, and no evidence suggesting interference between statins and COVID-19 vaccines. However, concomitant administration of statins and COVID-19 antiviral drug Paxlovid may increase statin exposure and the risk of adverse effects, because most statins are metabolized mainly through CYP3A4 which is potently inhibited by ritonavir, a major component of Paxlovid. Therefore, more clinical/preclinical studies are still warranted to understand the benefits, harms and mechanisms of statin use in the context of COVID-19.

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“…In addition, the effect of lipid-lowering therapy on the results in this study was not included. Thus, the authors of the comment conclude that more analyzes, and studies are needed to establish the relationship between low LDL cholesterol and the course of COVID-19 [ 39 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and lipids. The role of lipid disorders and statin use in the prognosis of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection

2021

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The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus started in March 2020. The conclusions from numerous studies indicate that people with comorbidities, such as arterial hypertension, diabetes, obesity, underlying cardiovascular disease, are particularly vulnerable to the severe course of COVID-19. The available data also suggest that patients with dyslipidemia, the most common risk factor of cardiovascular diseases, are also at greater risk of severe course of COVID-19. On the other hand, it has been shown that COVID-19 infection has an influence on lipid profile leading to dyslipidemia, which might require appropriate treatment. Owing to antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and cardioprotective activity, statin therapy has been considered as valuable tool to improve COVID-19 outcomes. Numerous observational studies have shown potential beneficial effects of lipid-lowering treatment on the course of COVID-19 with significant improved prognosis and reduced mortality.

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Misinterpreting data in lipidology in the era of COVID-19

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

Plasma Apolipoproteins A1/B and OxLDL Levels in Patients with Covid-19 As Possible Markers of the Disease

Plasma Apolipoproteins A1/B and OxLDL Levels in Patients with Covid-19 As Possible Markers of the Disease

Biological Actions, Implications, and Cautions of Statins Therapy in COVID-19

COVID-19 and lipids. The role of lipid disorders and statin use in the prognosis of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection

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