Miscibility behavior of blends of poly(alkyl methacrylate)s with poly(<i>p</i>‐methylstyrene‐<i>co</i>‐methacrylonitrile)

Chen, Junjie; Goh, S. H.; Lee, S. Y.; Siow, Kok Siong

doi:10.1002/app.1995.070560701

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The mono and di-substituted heptyl viologens, p-cyanophenyl viologen and their respective reduced colors. [16] Chem. Eur.J.…”

Section: Electrochromic Devices (Ecds)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2017, 23,16924 -16940 www.chemeurj.org which hadr adical cation colors of blue, green, and red, respectively. [16] They initially carriedo ut CV experiments of the three speciesw ith and without the addition of Fc, individually.I tw as noted that without Fc, the switching speed of the device was dependento nt he diffusion of the viologen species, resulting in alongerresponse time, unideal for ECDs. However,the addition of Fc significantly increased the switching speed between coloration and bleachingo ft he device.…”

Section: Electrochromic Devices (Ecds)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viologens and Their Application as Functional Materials

Striepe

Baumgartner

2017

Chemistry A European J

262

235

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Organic materials have recently gained considerable attention for electronic applications, improving performance and sustainability to current technologies. Commercialized metal-based systems are generally expensive, toxic and difficult to recycle, however organic materials offer promising solutions. Viologens, N,N' di-quaternized bipyridyl salts, are a well-studied species exhibiting three reversible redox states, possessing valuable electrochromic and electron-accepting properties. These properties can be fine-tuned through synthesis by altering the nitrogen substituents and various counteranions. Currently, viologens have become of great interest as functional materials in a wide array of applications; a few to name include electrochromic devices, molecular machines, and organic batteries. This review highlights representative recent work and advances towards utilizing viologens in practical applications that currently compete with metal-based technologies. Additionally, modified viologens that can be further fine-tuned will be discussed.

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“…The mono and di-substituted heptyl viologens, p-cyanophenyl viologen and their respective reduced colors. [16] Chem. Eur.J.…”

Section: Electrochromic Devices (Ecds)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electrochromic Devices (Ecds)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Viologens and Their Application as Functional Materials

Striepe

Baumgartner

2017

Chemistry A European J

262

235

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“…The NPs have a particular effect in the case of PS/PVME blends, where the phase separation is dependent on the difference in the relaxation time of the individual components as compared to PMMA/SAN where there is a negligible difference in the relaxation time of individual components. We briefly also highlight the effect of NP on other LCST systems 18 like PMMA/PaMSAN, 19 PC/PaMSAN. 20…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticle induced miscibility in LCST polymer blends: critically assessing the enthalpic and entropic effects

Xavier

Rao

Bose

2016

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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The use of copolymer and polymer blends widened the possibility of creating materials with multilayered architectures. Hierarchical polymer systems with a wide array of micro and nanostructures are generated by thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) in partially miscible polymer blends. Various parameters like the interaction between the polymers, concentration, solvent/non-solvent ratio, and quenching temperature have to be optimized to obtain these micro/nanophase structures. Alternatively, the addition of nanoparticles is another strategy to design materials with desired hetero-phase structures. The dynamics of the polymer nanocomposite depends on the statistical ordering of polymers around the nanoparticle, which is dependent on the shape of the nanoparticle. The entropic loss due to deformation of polymer chains, like the repulsive interactions due to coiling and the attractive interactions in the case of swelling has been highlighted in this perspective article. The dissipative particle dynamics has been discussed and is correlated with the molecular dynamics simulation in the case of polymer blends. The Cahn-Hillard-Cook model on variedly shaped immobile fillers has shown difference in the propagation of the composition wave. The nanoparticle shape has a contributing effect on the polymer particle interaction, which can change the miscibility window in the case of these phase separating polymer blends. Quantitative information on the effect of spherical particles on the demixing temperature is well established and further modified to explain the percolation of rod shaped particles in the polymer blends. These models correlate well with the experimental observations in context to the dynamics induced by the nanoparticle in the demixing behavior of the polymer blend. The miscibility of the LCST polymer blend depends on the enthalpic factors like the specific interaction between the components, and the solubility product and the entropic losses occurring due to the formation of any favorable interactions. Hence, it is essential to assess the entropic and enthalpic interactions induced by the nanoparticles independently. The addition of nanoparticles creates heterogeneity in the polymer phase it is localized. This can be observed as an alteration in the relaxation behavior of the polymer. This changes the demixing behavior and the interaction parameter between the polymers. The compositional changes induced due to the incorporation of nanoparticles are also attributed as a reason for the altered demixing temperature. The particle shape anisotropy causes a direction dependent depletion, which changes the phase behavior of the blend. The polymer-grafted nanoparticles with varying grafting density show tremendous variation in the miscibility of the blend. The stretching of the polymer chains grafted on the nanoparticles causes an entropy penalty in the polymer blend. A comparative study on the different shaped particles is not available up to date for understanding these aspects. Hence, we have juxtaposed the ...

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“…A large number of polymers and copolymers, for example, poly(vinylacetate),8 poly(isobutene),8 poly(methystyrene),8 poly(ethylene‐ co ‐vinylacetate),8 and poly(butadiene‐ co ‐styrene)8 have been found to show immiscibility. Lately, the miscibility of PMMA has been investigated with poly(styrene‐ co ‐acrylonitrile),9, 10 poly(α‐methylstyrene‐ co ‐acrylonitrile),11 poly( p ‐methylstyrene‐ co ‐acrylonitrile),12 and poly( p ‐methylstyrene‐ co ‐methacrylonitrile) 13. The first polymer showed miscibility while the others showed miscibility windows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on miscibility of dehydrated castor oil epoxy blend with poly(methyl methacrylate)

Ashraf

Ahmad

Riaz

et al. 2006

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Oil epoxies can be used as plasticizers in the processing of hard polymers. For this purpose dehydrated castor oil epoxy (DCOE), a product from sustainable resource, has been chosen for blending with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) to investigate the compatibility of this blend pair. Blends of DCOE/PMMA were prepared in the weight ratios 80/20, 60/40, 40/60, and 20/80 through solution method by mixing in dimethylsulphoxide. Freestanding films of the blend were cast and the miscibility of the two components was investigated by viscosity and ultrasonic measurements, which provided valuable information on the degree of compatibility of the pairs of blends in solution. The compatibility was also examined by differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. All the studies revealed that DCOE was immiscible with PMMA. However, the appearance and texture of the films were not found to show any visible change over several months, which indicates stability of this blend system.

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Miscibility behavior of blends of poly(alkyl methacrylate)s with poly(p‐methylstyrene‐co‐methacrylonitrile)

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Viologens and Their Application as Functional Materials

Viologens and Their Application as Functional Materials

Nanoparticle induced miscibility in LCST polymer blends: critically assessing the enthalpic and entropic effects

Studies on miscibility of dehydrated castor oil epoxy blend with poly(methyl methacrylate)

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