Miocene paleotopography of the Central Alps

Stable isotope-based reconstruction of Oligo-Miocene paleoenvironment and paleohydrology of Central Anatolian lake basins (Turkey)

“…Changes in temperature, rainfall sources, riverine influx, and groundwater input are retained in the oxygen isotope ratios of carbonates (δ 18 O carb ) which precipitate from lake water (e.g., Turner et al 1983;Talbot 1990;Teranes et al 1999;Lamb et al 2000;Schwalb & Dean 2002;Leng & Marshall 2004;Yansa et al 2007;Davis et al 2009;Deocampo 2010;Kent-Corson et al 2010 (Leng & Marshall 2004). Lacustrine carbonate oxygen isotope records have been also used in isotopebased paleoelevation models exploiting the systematic relationship between oxygen isotopes in precipitation and surface elevation (e.g., Currie et al 2005;Garzione et al 2008;Mix et al 2011;Campani et al 2012).…”

Observing the past to better understand thefuture: a synthesis of the Neogene climate inEurope and its perspectives on present climatechange

“…During the entire Serravallian, precipitation dropped by more than 50% in Europe [83], which could have been caused not only by the Alpine orogeny but also by the formation of the distant Tibetan Plateau. During the Middle Miocene the Alps reached an elevation similar to the present one, with the highest peaks between 2850 and 3350 m. This elevation would exert climatic effect, particularly in the East, due to reduction of humid air from the North Atlantic [84]. Just before the MCO, the Tibetan Plateau reached an elevation capable of generating climate changes, like the beginning of the Indian monsoon and the increase in aridification in the interior of the continent.…”

“…Several sea level transgressions and regressions took place, which gave rise to the appearance and disappearance of lakes and swamps in Europe, respectively [1]. The North Alpine Foreland Basin, that extends from the Rhone basin (west) to Lower Austria (east), passing through Switzerland and south of Germany [2], was under intense tectonic activity during the Miocene, forcing the elevation of the Carpathians, Balkans, Caucasus, Dinaric Alps and Rhodope Mountains [1], and exerting a strong influence on the European and Mediterranean climate [3]. The present day climate of Western Eurasia, characterized by maritime conditions along the coast influenced by the Gulf Stream, with continentality increasing with distance from shore, exhibits a great seasonality both in temperature and precipitation [4].…”

10th Applied Isotope Geochemistry Conference

“…We thus determined the meteoric water line by means of the analysis of 23 samples of rain, cave and river water across the MFTB, taken both before and after the rain season at heights between 0 and 3000 masl. Geographic (22°N) and climatic constraints were based on average annual atmospheric temperature and on the frequency of northward running Gulf marine streams from the Lesser Antilles, the resulting regional equation for isotopic correlation of meteoric water is d 2 H values from inclusion fluids in syn-tectonic veins from the Zimapán basin (shortened by deformation at 70%) reflect a significantly higher influence of meteoric fluids during deformation than in similar veins from the Tampico-Misantla basin (shortened only~40%), which recorded fluid sources that entirely correspond to marine or slightly evolved marine water reservoirs during early stages of deformation.References Campani, M., Mulch, A., .Kempf, O., Schlunegger, F. and Mancktelow, N. 2012 Large F-(Ba-Pb-Zn) deposits are located within the Fluorite District of Zaghouan ( S of sphalerite and galena, ranging from -5.9 to -2.2‰, suggest involvement of bacterially-mediated sulfate reduction in the mineralization. Sulfur may have been derived by dissolution of pre-existing early sulfide minerals hosted in organic-matter-rich layers.…”

“…References Campani, M., Mulch, A., .Kempf, O., Schlunegger, F. and Mancktelow, N. 2012 Large F-(Ba-Pb-Zn) deposits are located within the Fluorite District of Zaghouan ( S of sphalerite and galena, ranging from -5.9 to -2.2‰, suggest involvement of bacterially-mediated sulfate reduction in the mineralization. Sulfur may have been derived by dissolution of pre-existing early sulfide minerals hosted in organic-matter-rich layers.…”