Miniemulsion polymerization of styrene using the oil-soluble initiator AMBN

(Mini)emulsion Polymerization Kinetics Using Oil-Soluble Initiators

“…Therefore, the fraction of the initiator dissolved in the aqueous phase was the main contributor to micellar nucleation in conventional emulsion polymerization. These predictions explained the experimental results reported by Blythe et al 19 When using oil-soluble initiators, the polymerization rate of miniemulsion polymerization was faster than that of the emulsion polymerization because the probability of droplet nucleation is much higher than that of micellar nucleation. On the other hand, water-soluble initiator are very efficient nucleating micelles, and hence, the polymerization rate was higher in conventional emulsion polymerization.…”

Preparation of Polymerizable Hybrid Miniemulsions by Transitional Phase Inversion Emulsification

“…It has been shown in the literature, however, that the addition of polymer into miniemulsions improves radical capture by monomer droplets. , Reimers and co-workers , showed that the presence of polymer in the monomer droplets, even without using a costabilizer, can significantly increase the stability of monomer droplets to a degree where the droplet size is preserved long enough for droplet nucleation to occur. The presence of an oil-soluble initiator can also serve to stabilize nanodroplets. − In the present work, the PIB content of the initial polymer droplets, as well as the LPO used as initiator, both acted as costabilizers to stabilize the droplets. Furthermore, miniemulsions prepared at conditions close to inversion points have ultralow interfacial tension and thus may seem to be stable to ripening, according to eq 1.…”

IBN partition between st monomer/polymer and water and its application in miniemulsion polymerization initiated by AIBN

“…On the other hand, other groups have proposed that one of the two newly generated primary radicals will desorb out of the particle before bimolecular termination can occur. Hence, the remaining radicals will propagate with the monomer in the particle 3, 12, 13. The results of other authors support the desorption theory, but their findings simultaneously confirm that the desorbed radicals and radicals derived from the oil‐soluble initiator dissolved in the aqueous phase also play important roles in the initiating process 14…”