Mini-Review: practice organization beyond memory processes

Abstract

Background: The benefits of variable practice in motor learning have been traditionally explained by the increased demand for memory processes induced by trial-to-trial changes. Recently, a new perspective associating increased demand for perception with variable practice has emerged.
 Aim: This revision aims to present and discuss the findings in this exciting topic newly opened.
 Results / Interpretation: In the second half of 2010’s, a number of studies have pointed out differences in perceptual processing when compared variable and repetitive practices. Different levels of (a) hemodynamic activation, (b) electroencephalographic activity, (c) neurochemical activity, and (d) oculomotor behavior have provided evidence that perceptual processes are affected differently by variable and repetitive practices.

Practice organization beyond memory processes: the Schöllhorn (2022) comments on generalization

“…The main critique of Schöllhorn 1 is maybe the divergence of results pointed out by Lage et al 2 in the study of Henz et al 13 . We agree only in part with this critique.…”

“…Professor Schöllhorn 1 brings an interesting and insightful viewpoint to our narrative review, in which we aimed to discuss recent findings of a specific area of study: the practice organization. We have reflected on Schöllhorn 1 comments and decided to reply on three specific points: (1) the role of narrative literature reviews, (2) the different interpretations of Lage et al 2 and Schöllhorn 1 , and (3) the maintenance or not of our main conclusions.…”

“…Thus, the short period of analysis, and consequently, the few studies published, is biased by the exceptionality of research investigating sensory input and perceptual process in practice organization only after 2015-2016. Again, we would like to take advantage of this opportunity to highlight to the BJMB's readers that the references used by Lage et al 2 are representative of a specific group of recent findings 9,10,11,12,13,14 . This is the reason why we proposed that the findings have latent qualities (potential) that may be developed and lead to future changes in the research on practice organization.…”

“…A very interesting analysis of the tasks applied in VP and CI is presented by Schöllhorn 1 . However, this analysis is accurate only if Schöllhorn 1 has discussed the restricted group of studies analyzed by Lage et al 2 . The selected visuomotor manual skills in this group of studies are clearly associated with the search by an increased internal validity.…”

Editorial: fifteen years of Brazilian Journal of Motor Behavior

“…These influences are decisive in promoting developmental changes necessary and mandatory for skill acquisition. From a motor learning point of view, Prof. Lage and collaborators 6 synthesize and update the recent findings of the practice organization. The authors showed that the second half of the 2010's can be considered a watershed in the practice organization history.…”