Mineral paragenesis in the Tri-State District, Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma

Hagni, Richard D.; Grawe, Oliver R.

doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.59.3.449

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Irish Midlands, Ireland: Hitzman and Beaty (1996); Leach and others (2005) and references therein; refer to figures 3D and 3E and figures B12, B13, and B14 in Leach and others (2005). Tri-State, United States: Newhouse (1933); Hagni and Grawe (1964); Brockie and others (1968). East Tennessee, United States: Misra and Fulweiler (1995).…”

Section: Mvt Districtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A deposit model for Mississippi Valley-Type lead-zinc ores

Leach¹,

Taylor²,

Fey³

et al. 2010

Scientific Investigations Report

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Sample of spheroidal sphalerite with dendritic sphalerite, galena, and iron sulfides (pyrite plus marcasite) from the Pomorzany mine. Note the "up direction" is indicated by "snow-on-the-roof" texture of galena and sphalerite alnong colloform layers of light-colored spahlerite. Hydrothermal sulfide clasts in the left center of the sample are encrusted by sphalerire and iron sulfides. Size of sample is 20x13 cm. Photo by David Leach. Chapter A of Mineral Deposit Models for Resource Assessment COVER:Sample of spheroidal sphalerite with dendritic sphalerite, galena, and iron sulfides (pyrite plus marcasite) from Pomorzany mine. Note the "up direction" is indicated by "snow-on-the-roof" texture of galena and sphalerite along colloform layers of light-colored sphalerite. Hydrothermal sulfide clasts in the left center of the sample are encrusted by sphalerite and iron sulfides. For more information on the USGS-the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1-888-ASK-USGS For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprodTo order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. AbstractThis report is a descriptive model of Mississippi ValleyType (MVT) lead-zinc deposits that presents their geological, mineralogical and geochemical attributes and is part of an effort by the U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources Program to update existing models and develop new models that will be used for an upcoming national mineral resource assessment. This deposit modeling effort by the USGS is intended to supplement previously published models for use in mineral-resource and mineral-environmental assessments. Included in this report are geological, geophysical and geochemical assessment guides to assist in mineral resource estimation. The deposit attributes, including grade and tonnage of the deposits described in this report are based on a new mineral deposits data set of all known MVT deposits in the world.Mississippi Valley-Type (MVT) lead-zinc deposits are found throughout the world but the largest, and more intensely researched deposits occur in North America. The ores consist mainly of sphalerite, galena, and generally lesser amounts of iron sulfides. Silver is commonly an important commodity, whereas Cu is generally low, but is economically important in some deposits. Gangue minerals may include carbonates (dolomite, siderite, ankerite, calcite), and typically minor barite. Silicification of the host rocks (or quartz gangue) is generally minor, but may be abundant in a few deposits. The deposits have a broad range of rel...

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Section: Mvt Districtsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A deposit model for Mississippi Valley-Type lead-zinc ores

Leach¹,

Taylor²,

Fey³

et al. 2010

Scientific Investigations Report

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“…Later geological studies included those of Haworth and others (1904), Bain (1905), Siebenthal (1916), Netzband (1928, Jakosky and others (1942), Ruhl andothers (1949), andMcKnight andFischer (1970). Of particular geologic interest (if only for academic reasons) was the origin of lead and zinc deposits in the Tri-State District, which was discussed and debated at great lengths (Bain, 1902;Haworth and others, 1904;Siebenthal, 1916;Ridge, 1936;Roy, 1937;Hagni and Grawe, 1964). Of greater economic interest to the district was the abundant detailing of the occurrence and distribution of commercially exploitable ore deposits and reserves in publications typified by Smith (1903), Clerc (1907), Brittain (1907;1908), Bain (1916), Ellis (1926), Spurr (1927), Fowler and Lyden (1932), Sales (1933), Ruhl (1946), and Ruhl and others (1949).…”

Section: Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of contaminated streambed sediment in the Kansas part of the historic Tri-State Lead and Zinc Mining District, Cherokee County, 2004

Pope¹

2005

Scientific Investigations Report

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The Tri-State Mining District in parts of southeast Kansas, southwest Missouri, and northeast Oklahoma was the primary source of lead and zinc ore in the world for much of its 120-year history. Commercial mining in the Kansas part of the Tri-State Mining District began in the mid-1870s and lasted until 1970. The environmental degradation caused by 100 years of mining resulted in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency listing the Cherokee County, Kansas, part of the Tri-State Mining District on its National Priority List as a superfund hazardous waste site in 1983. To assist in the injury determination and quantification step of the natural resource damage assessment for Cherokee County, Kansas, the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Kansas Department of Health and Environment conducted a two-phase study of the occurrence and distribution of contaminated streambed and lake-bottom sediment. Phase I of this study determined concentrations of 28 trace elements and nutrients in streambed sediment at 87 sampling sites in the Spring River and Tar Creek watersheds in Kansas. Phase II determined bottom-sediment concentrations and mass accumulation and historic transport of trace elements into Empire Lake, an impoundment of the Spring River. The purpose of this report is to present the results of phase I of this study. Streambed-sediment samples (98 composite samples) were collected from the upper 0.8 inch of sediment deposition, and the less than 0.063-millimeter (silt-and clay-size particles) fraction was analyzed for selected trace element and nutrient concentrations. Restricting analyses to the silt/clay fraction reduced particle-size induced variability between sampling sites and permitted direct site-to-site concentration comparisons. Concentrations of cadmium, lead, and zinc had much greater ranges in concentrations than any other elements analyzed. Ranges in concentrations were 0.6 to 460 mg/kg (milligrams per kilogram) for cadmium, 22 to 7,400 mg/kg for lead, and 100 to 45,000 mg/kg for zinc, with median concentrations of 13, 180, and 1,800 mg/kg, respectively. Concentrations were largest at sampling sites in the Short, Tar, and Spring Branch Creek watersheds containing the most intensively mineaffected streams. Concentrations of cadmium, lead, and zinc in streambed sediment from sampling sites on the Spring River increased about 18, 7, and 17 times, respectively, within its 22mile length in the study area. This finding may explain a downward trend in mussel diversity and density over the same length of stream as determined by the Kansas Department of Health and Environment. Concentrations of cadmium, lead, and zinc exceeded selected probable effects sediment-quality guidelines (4.98, 128, and 459 mg/kg, respectively) in 64, 56, and 75 percent of samples, respectively, from the 87 sampling sites. These guideline values are not regulatory criteria. Concentrations larger than probable effects guidelines frequently cause toxicological effects to some aquatic-life f...

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“…In the area of this study, and in the nearby tri-state area (Fig. 1), MVT mineralization and thermal alteration is concentrated along the top of the Mississippian section (Hagni & Grawe 1964;Wojcik et al 1992Wojcik et al , 1994Wojcik et al , 1997. The Pennsylvanian section is relatively shale-rich, and therefore more of an aquitard.…”

Section: Subaerial V Hydrothermal Porosity Enhancement In Chertmentioning

confidence: 77%

What controls porosity in cherty fine-grained carbonate reservoir rocks? Impact of stratigraphy, unconformities, structural setting and hydrothermal fluid flow: Mississippian, SE Kansas

Ramaker

Goldstein

Franseen

et al. 2014

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The localization and heterogeneity of carbonate oil and gas reservoirs are commonly controlled by extensive diagenetic alteration. Mississippian (Osagean-Meramecian) strata in SE Kansas are investigated to determine structural, relative sea-level, diagenetic and depositional controls on stratigraphy, lithofacies distribution and reservoir character. This project shows how karst horizons and fractured zones can provide preferred conduits for hydrothermal porosity enhancement. Thus, enhanced porosity in karst horizons may have a late origin, with chemically aggressive hydrothermal fluids following preferred pathways of fluid flow.Lithofacies include echinoderm-rich bioclastic wacke-packstone, sponge-spicule-rich packstone, dolomitic bioclastic wackestone, argillaceous dolomite, tripolitic chert and chert breccia. Four cores are used to construct a 10 mile-long SW-NE-trending cross-section, showing three genetic units deposited on a mostly south-facing distally steepened ramp, with periods of upwelling.Paragenesis reveals that early and late dissolution enhances porosity in chert and carbonate facies. Fluid inclusion microthermometry from megaquartz and baroque dolomite reveals variable but increasing homogenization temperatures (70-160 8C) and increasing salinity through time. The best reservoirs may be controlled by depositional setting that led to large amounts of chert, alteration associated with subaerial exposure, and a hydrological and structural setting that led to enhanced hydrothermal fluid flow for later dissolution.

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Mineral paragenesis in the Tri-State District, Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

A deposit model for Mississippi Valley-Type lead-zinc ores

A deposit model for Mississippi Valley-Type lead-zinc ores

Assessment of contaminated streambed sediment in the Kansas part of the historic Tri-State Lead and Zinc Mining District, Cherokee County, 2004

What controls porosity in cherty fine-grained carbonate reservoir rocks? Impact of stratigraphy, unconformities, structural setting and hydrothermal fluid flow: Mississippian, SE Kansas

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