MIMO Terminal Performance Evaluation With a Novel Wireless Cable Method

Fan, Wei; Kyösti, Pekka; Hentilä, Lassi

doi:10.1109/tap.2017.2723260

Cited by 36 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It is noted that the second stage of the RTS method is also named wireless cable method in the literature [5,12]. The wireless cable method is essentially an RF cable replacement technique, where one can achieve cable connection functionality, without actual RF cable connections.…”

Section: Radiated Two-stage (Rts)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Over-the-Air Radiated Testing of Millimeter-Wave Beam-Steerable Devices in a Cost-Effective Measurement Setup

et al. 2018

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With the severe spectrum congestion of sub-6GHz cellular systems, large-scale antenna systems in the millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands can potentially meet the high data rate envisioned for fifth generation (5G) communications. Performance evaluation of antenna systems is an essential step in the product design and development stage. However, conventional cable conducted test methods are not applicable for mmWave devices. There is a strong need for over-the-air (OTA) radiated methods, where mmWave device performance can be evaluated in a reliable, repeatable, and feasible way in laboratory conditions. In this article, radiated testing methods are reviewed, with a focus on their principle and applicability for beam steerable mmWave devices. To explore the spatial sparsity of mmWave channel profiles, a cost-effective simplified 3D sectored multi-probe anechoic chamber (MPAC) system with an OTA antenna selection scheme is proposed. This setup is suitable for evaluation of beam-steerable devices, including both base station (BS) and user equipment (UE) devices. The requirements for the test system design are analyzed, including the measurement range, number of OTA antennas, number of active OTA antennas and amount of channel emulator resource. Finally, several metrics to validate system performance are described for evaluation of mmWave devices.

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Section: Radiated Two-stage (Rts)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To achieve the wireless cable, one can directly measure and calibrate out the transmission matrix as discussed in the RTS method. An alternative way is that the transmission matrix can be determined via monitoring the average received power per DUT antenna port, without measuring the actual transfer matrix [12].…”

Section: Radiated Two-stage (Rts)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Over-the-Air Radiated Testing of Millimeter-Wave Beam-Steerable Devices in a Cost-Effective Measurement Setup

et al. 2018

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“…For the radiated two-stage method (aka. wireless cable method), transfer matrix between the OTA antenna and DUT antenna can be measured and then calibrated out in the radio CE [3], [5], [6]. It was described in [7], [8] that antenna arrays at the BS and mobile terminal side, along with the propagation channels, can be emulated in the CE.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…B, respectively. emulation in OTA testing [4], [6]. To validate the complex weight accuracy of the designed mmWave CE, a beamforming validation measurement is presented.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Flexible Millimeter-Wave Radio Channel Emulator Design With Experimental Validations

Fan

Kyösti

Hentilä

2018

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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Abstract-Millimeter wave (mmWave) channel emulator (CE) is an essential tool for air interface testing of the upcoming mmWave communication systems. A flexible CE, which is capable of frequency setting from sub-6 GHz to mmWave bands and flexible system bandwidth setting, is highly desirable. This is due to the fact that potential frequency bands and system bandwidths are undecided for mmWave systems and it is likely that multibands with scalable system bandwidths will be supported. In this paper, a frequency extension scheme based on frequency up-anddown conversion, and a novel bandwidth enhancement scheme based on the band-combining principle, are proposed to upgrade existing sub-6GHz CE to meet the requirements in the mmWave CE design. The designed mmWave CE is experimentally validated, where the measured Doppler and delay profiles agree well with the target ones. Moreover, the beamforming validation measurements showed that excellent gain and phase control of the mmWave CE output ports can be realized.

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“…In general, the implementation of MIMO OTA testing can be divided into three main categories, i.e. the radiated twostage (RTS) methods [2], [3], the reverberation chamber (RC) based methods [4], [5], and the multi-probe anechoic chamber (MPAC) based methods [6]- [9]. The RTS method evolves from the conducted two-stage method [10] where the physical cable connection between the channel emulator (CE) output ports and the DUT antenna ports is approached over-the-air in an anechoic chamber.…”

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confidence: 99%

On Channel Emulation Methods in Multiprobe Anechoic Chamber Setups for Over-the-Air Testing

Fan

2018

IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.

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Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) over-theair (OTA) testing gives a way to evaluate the radio performance of MIMO-capable devices under realistic propagation channels as an alternative to expensive and uncontrollable drive testing. In this paper, we review two major channel emulation methods for MIMO OTA testing under the multi-probe anechoic chamber (MPAC) setup, i.e. the prefaded signals synthesis (PFS) and the plane wave synthesis (PWS). The target channel model for emulation is the geometry-based stochastic channel model (GSCM). The signal models for both channel emulation methods for the whole link from the transmitter (Tx) side to the receiver (Rx) side are given. The comparison analysis gives some new insights into the two channel emulation methods. The analytic expression of the joint space-time correlation function is derived for both methods in comparison to that of the target channel. It shows the cluster-wise channel emulated by the PFS method is Kronecker structured, which is different from the general definition of GSCMs. In contrast, the channel emulated with the PWS method is consistent with GSCMs. Moreover, the emulation accuracy for the two methods are compared under different target channel settings, i.e. different cluster angular spreads. The simulation results demonstrate the advantage of the PWS method over the PFS method, especially when cluster angular spreads are small. Index Terms-MIMO OTA testing, MPAC, channel emulation methods, space-time correlation. I. INTRODUCTION Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) over-the-air (OTA) testing [1] currently plays an important role in evaluating the radio performance of any MIMO-capable device in different development stages, e.g. early-stage prototyping and mid-term refinement, before final massive roll-out. It helps researchers to reveal the potential flaws and non-idealities of the products during the design and manufacturing phase. The conventional way to conduct MIMO performance testing is called MIMO conducted testing. In conducted testing, the shell of the deviceunder-test (DUT) needs to be opened, and antenna ports on the DUT need to be reserved for cable connection. However, OTA testing does not suffer from these limitations. Therefore, it is standardized that the radiated performance testing of MIMOcapable devices must be performed over-the-air [1].

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MIMO Terminal Performance Evaluation With a Novel Wireless Cable Method

Cited by 36 publications

References 16 publications

Over-the-Air Radiated Testing of Millimeter-Wave Beam-Steerable Devices in a Cost-Effective Measurement Setup

Over-the-Air Radiated Testing of Millimeter-Wave Beam-Steerable Devices in a Cost-Effective Measurement Setup

A Flexible Millimeter-Wave Radio Channel Emulator Design With Experimental Validations

On Channel Emulation Methods in Multiprobe Anechoic Chamber Setups for Over-the-Air Testing

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