Millimeter Wave Beam Alignment: Large Deviations Analysis and Design Insights

Liu, Chunshan; Li, Min; Hanly, Stephen V.; Collings, Iain B.; Whiting, Philip

doi:10.1109/jsac.2017.2699360

Cited by 106 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Based on measurements in , the directional path loss was modeled in terms of the number of multipath components by considering the both coherent and non‐coherent received power combining . Theoretical analyses of beam misalignment with idealized antenna patterns were conducted in . For a backhaul link, beam self‐alignment with combined transmit–receive searching for proper beamforming patterns for multilevel codebook sets was investigated in .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field-Measurement-Based Received Power Analysis for Directional Beamforming Millimeter-Wave Systems: Effects of Beamwidth and Beam Misalignment

Lee¹,

Kim²,

Park³

et al. 2018

ETRI Journal

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To overcome considerable path loss in millimeterwave propagation, high-gain directional beamforming is considered to be a key enabling technology for outdoor 5G mobile networks. Associated with beamforming, this paper investigates propagation power loss characteristics in two aspects. The first is beamwidth effects. Owing to the multipath receiving nature of mobile environments, it is expected that a narrower beamwidth antenna will capture fewer multipath signals, while increasing directivity gain. If we normalize the directivity gain, this narrowbeamwidth reception incurs an additional power loss compared to omnidirectional-antenna power reception. With measurement data collected in an urban area at 28 GHz and 38 GHz, we illustrate the amount of these additional propagation losses as a function of the halfpower beamwidth. Secondly, we investigate power losses due to steering beam misalignment, as well as the measurement data. The results show that a small angle misalignment can cause a large power loss. Considering that most standard documents provide omnidirectional antenna path loss characteristics, these results are expected to contribute to mmWave mobile system designs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field-Measurement-Based Received Power Analysis for Directional Beamforming Millimeter-Wave Systems: Effects of Beamwidth and Beam Misalignment

Lee¹,

Kim²,

Park³

et al. 2018

ETRI Journal

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“…Proof: See Appendix D. Specifically, in [12], we have proved that exhaustive search asymptotically outperforms hierarchical search 2 in the sense that its misalignment probability has a larger decay rate (with respect to the training energy budget) quantified by…”

Section: B Asymptotic Performance Analysis and Further Insightsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…BEAM CODEBOOK Similar to [9], [12], for tractability, we focus the analysis on a rank-one channel model that captures well the dominant path in a LOS environment. More general models will be numerically investigated in Section V, and it will be shown that the insights generated from the analysis here continue to apply therein.…”

Section: Performance Analysis Under Single-path Channel Model Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explore and Eliminate: Optimized Two-Stage Search for Millimeter-Wave Beam Alignment

Liu

Hanly

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.

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Swift and accurate alignment of transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) beams is a fundamental design challenge to enable reliable outdoor millimeter-wave communications. In this paper, we propose a new Optimized Two-Stage Search (OTSS) algorithm for Tx-Rx beam alignment via spatial scanning. In contrast to one-shot exhaustive search, OTSS judiciously divides the training energy budget into two stages. In the first stage, OTSS explores and trains all candidate beam pairs and then eliminates a set of less favorable pairs learned from the received signal profile. In the second stage, OTSS takes an extra measurement for each of the survived pairs and combines with the previous measurement to determine the best one. For OTSS, we derive an upper bound on its misalignment probability, under a single-path channel model with training codebooks having an ideal beam pattern. We also characterize the decay rate function of the upper bound with respect to the training budget and further derive the optimal design parameters of OTSS that maximize the decay rate. OTSS is proved to asymptotically outperform state-of-the-art beam alignment algorithms, and is numerically shown to achieve better performance with limited training budget and practically synthesized beams. Index TermsBeam alignment, beam training, exhaustive search, hierarchical search, optimized two-stage search, large deviations techniques, millimeter-wave communications.

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“…In the current special issue of IEEE JSAC, the signal processing schemes on mmWave MIMO are investigated in [174]- [189]. Specifically, in [174], a receive antenna selection (RAS)-aid spatial modulation scheme is proposed to reduce the RF complexity, and an iterative algorithm is proposed to search the antenna index with low complexity.…”

Section: F Recent Progressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Millimeter Wave Communications for Future Mobile Networks

Xiao

Mumtaz

Huang

et al. 2017

IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.

961

530

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Abstract-Millimeter wave (mmWave) communications have recently attracted large research interest, since the huge available bandwidth can potentially lead to rates of multiple Gbps (gigabit per second) per user. Though mmWave can be readily used in stationary scenarios such as indoor hotspots or backhaul, it is challenging to use mmWave in mobile networks, where the transmitting/receiving nodes may be moving, channels may have a complicated structure, and the coordination among multiple nodes is difficult. To fully exploit the high potential rates of mmWave in mobile networks, lots of technical problems must be addressed. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of mmWave communications for future mobile networks (5G and beyond). We first summarize the recent channel measurement campaigns and modeling results. Then, we discuss in detail recent progresses in multiple input multiple output (MIMO) transceiver design for mmWave communications. After that, we provide an overview of the solution for multiple access and backhauling, followed by analysis of coverage and connectivity. Finally, the progresses in the standardization and deployment of mmWave for mobile networks are discussed.

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Millimeter Wave Beam Alignment: Large Deviations Analysis and Design Insights

Cited by 106 publications

References 31 publications

Field-Measurement-Based Received Power Analysis for Directional Beamforming Millimeter-Wave Systems: Effects of Beamwidth and Beam Misalignment

Field-Measurement-Based Received Power Analysis for Directional Beamforming Millimeter-Wave Systems: Effects of Beamwidth and Beam Misalignment

Explore and Eliminate: Optimized Two-Stage Search for Millimeter-Wave Beam Alignment

Millimeter Wave Communications for Future Mobile Networks

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