Migrating Birds and Tickborne Encephalitis Virus

Waldenström, Jonas; Lundkvist, Åke; Falk, Kerstin I.; Garpmo, Ulf; Bergström, Sven; Lindegren, Gunnel; Sjöstedt, Anders; Mejlon, Hans; Fransson, Thord; Haemig, Paul D.; Olsén, Björn

doi:10.3201/eid1308.061416

Cited by 161 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The distribution of TBEV depends directly on its vectors and hosts. Although ticks can be carried for significant distances by animals and birds (Hayasaka et al, 1999;Hoogstraal et al, 1963;Waldenstrom et al, 2007), they do not migrate latitudinally in natural environments and therefore could not be a determining factor in the large-scale distribution of TBEV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin and distribution of tick-borne encephalitis virus strains of the Siberian subtype in the Middle Urals, the north-west of Russia and the Baltic countries

Kovalev¹,

Chernykh²,

Kokorev

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

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Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) plays an important role in infectious human morbidity, particularly in Russia and the Middle Urals. The Siberian subtype of TBEV (S-TBEV) is dominant in the Middle Urals. Determining the origin of S-TBEV strains in this territory and also in the European part of Russia and the Baltic countries is very important for understanding the cause of its distribution. The surface glycoprotein E gene was partially sequenced in 165 S-TBEV isolates collected in the Middle Urals between 1966 and 2008. Nucleotide and amino acid sequence identity of the studied isolates is 94 and 97.4 %, respectively. Eighty per cent of them are represented by six clusters with identical amino acid sequences in the glycoprotein E fragment analysed. We have determined four types of isolate distribution in the explored territory: local, split, corridor and diffuse. The average rate of nucleotide substitutions per site year "1 is estimated to be 1.56¾10 "4 . The age of the S-TBEV population was evaluated to be slightly less than 400 years. Phylogenetic analysis of the data and comparison with historical events indicate that the distribution of S-TBEV strains in the Middle Urals and the European part of Russia originated twice from different foci in western Siberia. This is related to the first land road into Siberia and the Trans-Siberian Way, which functioned at different times. The main reason for such rapid distribution of S-TBEV strains is the anthropogenic factor, i.e. human economic activity during the colonization of new territories in Siberia in the recent past.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin and distribution of tick-borne encephalitis virus strains of the Siberian subtype in the Middle Urals, the north-west of Russia and the Baltic countries

Kovalev¹,

Chernykh²,

Kokorev

et al. 2009

Journal of General Virology

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“…Data from Sweden showed 0.5% TBEV prevalence in bird-feeding ticks removed from the tree pipit (Anthus trivialis), the European robin (Erithacus rubecula), the common redstart (Phoenicurus phoenicurus), and the song thrush (T. philomeros) (Waldenstrom et al 2007). The prevalence of TBEV in ticks from birds in the current study was the similar (0.4%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Birds can carry ticks infected by such tick-borne pathogens as tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) (Waldenstrom et al 2007), Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Alekseev et al 2001, Bjoersdorff et al 2001, Daniels et al 2002, Franke et al 2010a and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) (Olsen et al 1995, Gylfe et al 2000, Hanincova et al 2003b, Poupon et al 2006, Franke et al 2010a.…”

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confidence: 99%

Tick-Borne Pathogens in Ticks Feeding on Migratory Passerines in Western Part of Estonia

Geller

Nazarova

Katargina

et al. 2013

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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During southward migration in the years [2006][2007][2008][2009] 178 migratory passerines of 24 bird species infested with ticks were captured at bird stations in Western Estonia. In total, 249 nymphal ticks were removed and analyzed individually for the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. The majority of ticks were collected from Acrocephalus (58%), Turdus (13%), Sylvia (8%), and Parus (6%) bird species. Tick-borne pathogens were detected in nymphs removed from Acrocephalus, Turdus, and Parus bird species. TBEV of the European subtype was detected in 1 I. ricinus nymph removed from A. palustris. B. burgdorferi s.l. DNA was found in 11 ticks (4.4%) collected from Turdus and Parus species. Birdassociated B. garinii and B. valaisiana were detected in I. ricinus nymphs removed from T. merula. Rodentassociated B. afzelii was detected in 3 I. ricinus nymphs from 2 P. major birds. One of the B. afzelii-positive nymphs was infected with a mix of 2 B. afzelii strains, whereas 1 of these strains was also detected in another nymph feeding on the same great tit. The sharing of the same B. afzelii strain by 2 nymphs indicates a possible transmission of B. afzelii by co-feeding on a bird. A. phagocytophilum DNA was detected in 1 I. ricinus nymph feeding on a T. iliacus. The results of the study confirm the possible role of migratory birds in the dispersal of ticks infected with tick-borne pathogens along the southward migration route via Estonia.

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“…Larval and nymph parasitism in Turdus was reported in the states of Rio de Janeiro (STORNI et al, 2005) and Paraná (ARZUA, 2007). The presence of ticks among this group of birds is related to their foraging habit, which consists of hopping and turning leaves, often making holes in the ground with their beaks in searching for food (STORNI et al 2005;WALDENSTRÖM et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ticks on birds caught on the campus of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Santolin

Luz

Alchorne

et al. 2012

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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The prevalence of parasitic infections, particularly those caused by ectoparasites, may influence the biology and ecology of wild birds. The aim of this study was to investigate occurrences and identify the species of ticks collected from wild birds caught on the campus of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro. The birds were caught using mist nets between October 2009 and December 2010. In total, 223 birds were caught, represented by 53 species and 19 families in nine orders. Nineteen birds (n = 7 species) were parasitized by immature ticks (prevalence of 8.5%). Forty-four ticks were collected, of which 23 were nymphs and 21 were larvae. There were associations between parasitism by ticks and non-Passeriformes birds, and between parasitism and ground-dwelling birds, which was possibly due to the presence (or inclusion among the captured birds) of Vanellus chilensis (Charadriiformes: Charadriidae). All the nymphs collected were identified as Amblyomma cajennense. In general terms, we must emphasize that wild birds in the study area may play the role of dispersers for the immature stages of A. cajennense, albeit non-preferentially.

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Migrating Birds and Tickborne Encephalitis Virus

Cited by 161 publications

References 12 publications

Origin and distribution of tick-borne encephalitis virus strains of the Siberian subtype in the Middle Urals, the north-west of Russia and the Baltic countries

Origin and distribution of tick-borne encephalitis virus strains of the Siberian subtype in the Middle Urals, the north-west of Russia and the Baltic countries

Tick-Borne Pathogens in Ticks Feeding on Migratory Passerines in Western Part of Estonia

Ticks on birds caught on the campus of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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