“…Introduction Since its initial outbreak in Wuhan in December 2019, the Covid-19 pandemic has strained social ties around the world. The pandemic has been a unique global experience, arousing both exclusionary nationalist and inclusionary collective responses to various degrees (Berrocal et al, 2021;Holley, 2020;Délano Alonso & Samway, 2022). It has given rise to measures of self-isolation and mobility restriction in the name of security at the national and subnational level while, at the same time, raising the expectations of solidarity at a large transnational scale (Genschel & Jachtenfuchs, 2021).…”