Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Polyols from Rapeseed Oil and Properties of Flexible Polyurethane Foams

Dworakowska, Sylwia; Bogdał, Dariusz; Prociak, Aleksander

doi:10.3390/polym4031462

Cited by 63 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Many researchers relate the observed phenomena to the formation of temperature gradients [77]. Microwave-induced synthesis has been applied in the chemistry of polymers [78,79] and pharmaceuticals [80], and an accurate description of their industrial application is very hard to find. Much wider use of microwaves has occurred in the extractions of drugs or foods from many plant materials [81].…”

Section: Examples Of Applications For Organic Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Trends in the Development of Microwave Reactors for the Synthesis of Nanomaterials in Laboratories and Industries: A Review

et al. 2018

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Microwave energy has been in use for many applications for more than 50 years, from communication, food processing, and wood drying to chemical reactions and medical therapy. The areas, where microwave technology is applied, include drying, calcination, decomposition, powder synthesis, sintering, and chemical process control. Before the year 2000, microwaves were used to produce ceramics, semiconductors, polymers, and inorganic materials; in next years, some new attempts were made as well. Nowadays, it has been found that microwave sintering can also be applied to sintered powder and ceramics and is more effective than conventional sintering. Particularly interesting is its use for the synthesis of nanomaterials. This review identifies the main sources of microwave generation, the delivery mechanisms of microwave energy, and the typical designs and configurations of microwave devices, as well as the measurement and construction material problems related to microwave technology. We focus our attention on the configurations, materials, optimized geometries, and solvents used for microwave devices, providing examples of products, especially nanoparticles and other nanomaterials. The identified microwave devices are divided into four groups, depending on the scale, the maximum pressure developed, the highest temperature for sintering, or other special multi-functions. The challenges of using microwave energy for the synthesis of nanopowders have been identified as well. The desirable characteristics of microwave reactors in the synthesis of nanostructures, as well as their superiority over conventional synthetic methods, have been presented. We have also provided a review of the commercial and self-designed microwave reactors, digestors, and sintering furnaces for technology for synthesis of nanomaterials and other industries.

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Section: Examples Of Applications For Organic Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Trends in the Development of Microwave Reactors for the Synthesis of Nanomaterials in Laboratories and Industries: A Review

et al. 2018

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“…Some of us already reported on the synthesis of vegetable oil-based PU flexible foams using TDI [21,22]. In order to design isocyanate-free materials, an interesting alternative is the use of NonIsocyanate PolyUrethane (NIPU) by reaction between cyclic carbonate and polyfunctional amines [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new way of creating cellular polyurethane materials: NIPU foams

Cornille¹,

Dworakowska²,

Bogdał³

et al. 2015

European Polymer Journal

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142

119

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“…Calibration using polystyrene (PS) standards is widely used since these standards are commercially available . Ionescu et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyether polyols as GPC calibration standards for determination of molecular weight distribution of polyether polyols

Noor

Sendijarević²,

Hassan

et al. 2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Average molecular weights (M n , M w and M p ) are important characteristics of oligomers and polymers, and therefore there is a need to have a precise and reliable determination method. A gel permeation chromatography (GPC) coupled with a single refractive index detector was used to determine the molecular weight distributions of commercial polyether polyols calibrated against a series of polyether polyols with known molecular weights and low polydispersity. Results of these GPC analyses were compared to the ones calibrated against the commercially available polystyrene (PS) standards. The number-average molecular weights (M n ) obtained with GPC using polyether polyols calibration were closer to the theoretical values than the M n obtained using PS as calibration standards. Hence, these GPC analyses using polyether polyols as calibration standards can provide reliable determination of molecular weight distribution of polyether polyols and can be potentially applied to natural oil-based polyols, including palm oil-based polyols.

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Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Polyols from Rapeseed Oil and Properties of Flexible Polyurethane Foams

Cited by 63 publications

References 9 publications

Current Trends in the Development of Microwave Reactors for the Synthesis of Nanomaterials in Laboratories and Industries: A Review

Current Trends in the Development of Microwave Reactors for the Synthesis of Nanomaterials in Laboratories and Industries: A Review

A new way of creating cellular polyurethane materials: NIPU foams

Polyether polyols as GPC calibration standards for determination of molecular weight distribution of polyether polyols

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