Microstructure and tribological properties of titanium matrix nanocomposites through powder metallurgy using graphene oxide nanosheets enhanced copper powders and spark plasma sintering

Synergetic enhancement of strength and ductility for titanium-based composites reinforced with nickel metallized multi-walled carbon nanotubes

“…However, the average relative density of the sintered MWCNTs@Ni/TC4 composites is slightly higher than that of sintered TC4 and MWCNTs/TC4 composites. The improved consolidation effects of the composites containing MWCNTs@Ni are attributed to the uniform dispersion MWCNTs@Ni, good interfacial bonding between MWCNTs@Ni and Ti matrix, and especially self-diffusion and sinterability effects of Ni element in Ti alloy matrix [49,52]. For MWCNTs@Ni/TC4 composites in this work, due to the large aspect ratios, random alignment and the situation at grain boundaries of MWCNTs@Ni (Figures 2b~c, Figures 3 and 4), Orowan strengthening effect could be neglected.…”

“…The ball to powders weight ratio was 3:1. Stainless steel balls of 0.5 mm and 2 mm in diameters were used as the milling media (with their mass ratio of 2:1), and these two different ball sizes were used in order to effectively increase the collision energy applied to the powders [52]. The driving force of dispersion effect of MWCNTs or MWCNTs@Ni on the surface of the TC4 powders is kinetic energy to the mixed powders by ball milling.…”

“…D band, G band and 2D band) of carbonaceous nanomaterials were detected in 1.0MWCNTs@Ni/TC4 composites, whereas these peaks almost disappear in 1.0MWCNTs/TC4 composites. Even Raman peaks located at ~ 410 and 610 cm -1 which correspond to the TiC phase were observed in 0.5MWCNTs/TC4 and 1.0MWCNTs@Ni/TC4 composites [52,57], indicating the production of defects and the structural damages of MWCNTs owing to the occurrence of severe interfacial reactions during the sintering.…”

Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Decorated with Copper and Silver Nanoparticles for Achieving Superior Strength and Ductility in Titanium Composites

“…Copper and silver were chosen as metallization alloying elements to modify reduced GO nanopowders because they show optimal growth relationships on the surface of graphene nanomaterials, − especially because they are all eutectoid elements in Ti alloy materials. The Ti alloys with appropriate copper or silver concentrations were reported to show good biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, tribological properties, and mechanical properties. − For example, a solid solution treatment of the Ti–3Cu alloy can increase the 0.2% YS from 400 to 740 MPa and improve the antibacterial rate from 33 to 65.2%, which demonstrated that homogeneous distribution and the fine Ti 2 Cu phase play an important role in mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and antibacterial properties …”

Controlled Interfacial Reactions and Superior Mechanical Properties of High Energy Ball Milled/Spark Plasma Sintered Ti–6Al–4V–Graphene Composite

“…Graphene and its derivatives have attracted great attention for synergistically improving the performance of light‐weight matrix due to their distinct 2D structures and extraordinary mechanical properties. [ 9–12 ] Previously Dong et al [ 11 ] dispersed 0.3 wt% graphene oxides nanosheets (GONs) into pure Ti powders using a hydrothermal synthesis method and sintered GONs/Ti composites via spark plasma sintering (SPS). Their results indicated that tensile strength of the sintered TiMC was increased by 9.7%, compared to that of sintered pure Ti matrix.…”