Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel joints

Kumar, Sanjeev; Murugan, N.; Ramachandran, Karthikeyan

doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2017.11.015

Cited by 50 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The weld nugget has achieved extremely fine equiaxed grains due to the dynamic recrystallization (DRX) effects produced by the combined frictional heat and severe plastic deformation of the FSW process. This same finding has been confirmed elsewhere [24,25]. In addition to that, the cross-sectional micrograph of the weld nugget ( Figure 5c) displays the classical 'onion rings' [26][27][28] associated with the thermoplastic metal flow induced by the tool action during the FSW process.…”

Section: Microstructural Characterizationssupporting

confidence: 78%

Development of High-Fidelity Imaging Procedures to Establish the Local Material Behavior in Friction Stir Welded Stainless Steel Joints

Ramachandran

Lakshminarayanan²,

Reed

et al. 2019

Metals

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Friction stir welded (FSW) 304 austenitic stainless steel (SS) joints are studied using a range of microstructural characterization techniques to identify various sub-regions across the weld. A high-resolution (HR) 2D-digital image correlation (DIC) methodology is developed to assess the local strain response across the weld surface and cross-section in the elastic regime. The HR-DIC methodology includes the stitching of multiple images, as it is only possible to partially cover the FSW region using a single camera with the high-resolution optical set-up. An image processing procedure is described to stitch the strain maps as well as strain data sets that allow full-field strain to be visualized and interrogated over the entire FSW region. It is demonstrated that the strains derived from the DIC can be associated with the local weld geometry and the material microstructure in the region of the FSW. The procedure is validated in the material elastic range and provides an important first step in enabling detailed mechanical assessments of the local effects in the FSW process.

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Section: Microstructural Characterizationssupporting

confidence: 78%

Development of High-Fidelity Imaging Procedures to Establish the Local Material Behavior in Friction Stir Welded Stainless Steel Joints

Ramachandran

Lakshminarayanan²,

Reed

et al. 2019

Metals

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“…However, another study showed that friction stir crackrepaired 304L specimens developed stress corrosion cracks on the weld nugget and along the advancing side of the weld when exposed to boiling magnesium chloride (155 °C) for 3 h [15]. On the other hand, friction stir-welded 316L SS showed a more noble pitting potential for the stirred zone than that of the base metal [16]. The increased corrosion resistance of the friction-stirred stainless steel weld nugget or stirred zone (SZ) was attributed to several factors such as: (a) finer grains developed due to severe plastic deformation that promote short-circuit diffusion of passive film-forming elements [17], (b) low-angle grain boundaries (2°-15°) [18][19][20], and (c) decreased donor density of passive films formed on the stirred zone [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Pitting behavior of friction stir repair-welded 304L stainless steel in 3.5% NaCl solution at room temperature: role of grain and defect structures

et al. 2020

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“…Nevertheless, austenitic stainless steels (SUS 316) can be regarded as a substitute for Inconel 718 in low-risk parts. SUS 316 is a cheaper structural material and is used extensively in corrosive environments, steam generating power plants and nuclear reactors because of its outstanding performance in corrosion resistance as well as its high strength at high temperatures [6,7]. Therefore, to replace Inconel 718 with SUS 316, the application of dissimilar metal welding is unavoidable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructures and mechanical properties of Ni/Fe dissimilar butt joint welded using the cold metal transfer

Tang

Ding

et al. 2020

Mater. Res. Express

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In this study, dissimilar butt joints were formed between as-rolled Inconel 718 and SUS 316 using cold metal transfer (CMT) with ERNiFeCr-2 filler metal at a welding speed of 5 mm s −1 and three different welding currents (130, 160 and 190 A). The morphology, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the joints and the mechanism by which the joint interface formed were studied. The results indicate that CMT welding parameters have an effect on the weld appearance and that the weld metal exhibits better wettability and spreadability at a welding current of 160 A. The interface between the weld metal and SUS 316 base metal was characterized by applying an optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS). The results revealed that no obvious diffusion of Ni and Fe ions was identified across the joint interface. The fractures that initiated in the joints during the tension testing formed in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the SUS 316 base metal, and the high-temperature tensile strength of the joint was observed to be 424 MPa, which is approximately 87.06% of that of SUS 316 base metal (487 MPa) and 67.19% of that of Inconel 718 base metal (631 MPa). In terms of the elongation, the joint (21.9%), Inconel 718 base metal (21.2%) and SUS 316 base metal (22.3%) elongations were similar. For comparison, the joint also was tested at room temperature, resulting in a tensile strength and elongation of 511 MPa and 27.5%, respectively. A spherical elemental Ni segregation morphology was clearly observed at the high-temperature fracture. Hardness studies demonstrated that the weld metal hardness is higher than that of the SUS 316 base metal.

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Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel joints

Cited by 50 publications

References 19 publications

Development of High-Fidelity Imaging Procedures to Establish the Local Material Behavior in Friction Stir Welded Stainless Steel Joints

Development of High-Fidelity Imaging Procedures to Establish the Local Material Behavior in Friction Stir Welded Stainless Steel Joints

Pitting behavior of friction stir repair-welded 304L stainless steel in 3.5% NaCl solution at room temperature: role of grain and defect structures

Microstructures and mechanical properties of Ni/Fe dissimilar butt joint welded using the cold metal transfer

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