microRNAs and long non‐coding RNAs as biomarkers for polycystic ovary syndrome

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is known as the most common endocrine/metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age, where it is reported that PCOS affects 5 to 26 percent of women (based on the applied diagnostic criteria) around the world. 1,2 PCOS was found to be associated with different diseases such as metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and even ovulatory infertility. 3,4 There are four distinguished subtypes; inflammatory, hidden cause and finally, pill-induced PCOS and insulin-resistant (the most prevalent type). 5,6 Although the complete etiology of the syndrome remains unclear, the genetic, epigenetic, environmental factors and lifestyle have been associated with PCOS causality. In clinical and/or biochemical settings, diagnosis is based on whether the patient shows no less than two out of three main symptoms, including cysts in the ovaries, high androgen levels and irregular periods. Despite the controversial opinions of current diagnostic criteria of PCOS, an expert opinion from the ultrasound, pelvic exam and blood tests can confirm the diagnosis. 7,8 Blood tests for PCOS are mainly based on hormone levels and endocrine function,

Endocrinologia e Imunologia: O caminho para compreender as doenças metabólicas, hormonais e autoimunes - Edição IX

“…Os microRNAs (miRNA) podem ser úteis no tratamento da SOP, pois participam da expressão genética, sendo que a apresentação anômala dessas estruturas pode contribuir para a evolução da doença. Nesse sentido, identificar miRNAs alterados em tecidos como células da teca pode auxiliar no diagnóstico e fornecer estratégias de manejo terapêutico da SOP (SINGH et al, 2023& TAMADDON et al, 2022.…”

A matter of new life and cell death: programmed cell death in the mammalian ovary

“…Two other recurrent events observed in patients with PCOS and animal models of this disease are FSHR suppression [ 305 , 309 ] and mitochondrial dysfunction [ 310 , 311 ]. Deregulation of numerous other proteins (HMGB1, SH2B3, and USP25) and non-coding RNAs promotes apoptosis in polycystic ovaries [ 312 – 316 ], but their association with the process of normal follicular atresia is unclear. Such stimulation of apoptosis in PCOS follicles is without a doubt confusing, but it plays an important role in the development of anovulation and infertility by compromising oocyte maturation [ 114 , 314 ].…”

The Role of MicroRNA, Long Non-Coding RNA and Circular RNA in the Pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Literature Review

“…LncRNAs are non-coding RNAs that contain over 200 nucleotides and can either be circular or linear. They are crucial for various cellular processes, including gene regulation, transcription, chromatin modification, and epigenetic regulation [90]. By interacting as the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA), various lncRNAs have been shown to serve a crucial role in modulating granulosa cell proliferation and apoptosis.…”