MicroRNAs: An Update of Applications in Forensic Science

Rocchi, Anna; Chiti, Enrica; Maiese, Aniello; Turillazzi, Emanuela; Spinetti, Isabella

doi:10.3390/diagnostics11010032

Cited by 43 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 152 publications

(287 reference statements)

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“…MiRNA regulates the sequence of many genes in humans and plays an important role in the life process of humans [ 26 ]. In a report of 2020, upregulation of miR-223 can alleviate sepsis severity of septic cell models by inhibiting the abundance of pro-inflammatory indicators [ 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNA-381-3p signatures as a diagnostic marker in patients with sepsis and modulates sepsis-steered cardiac damage and inflammation by binding HMGB1

et al. 2021

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Immune response imbalance and cardiac dysfunction caused by sepsis are the main reasons for death in sepsis. This study aimed to confirm the expression and diagnostic possibility of microRNA-381-3p (miR-381-3p) and its mechanism in sepsis. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) were used to reveal the levels and clinical significance of miR-381-3p. Pearson correlation was conducted to provide the correlations between miR-381-3p and several indexes of sepsis. The H9c2 cell models were constructed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was applied to establish the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat models. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry were the methods to detect the cell viability and death rate of H9c2. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to evaluate the concentration of inflammatory cytokines. The target gene of miR-381-3p was validated via the luciferase report system. The low expression of miR-381-3p was found in the serum of patients with sepsis. The lessened miR-381-3p could be a marker in the discrimination of sepsis patients. Overexpression of miR-381-3p could repress the mRNA expression of HMGB1, inhibit the cell apoptosis and inflammatory response, and motivate the viability of sepsis cells. At the same time, enhanced miR-381-3p promoted the inhibition of inflammation and cardiac dysfunction in the rat model of sepsis. Collectively, reduced levels of serum miR-381-3p can be used as an index to detect sepsis patients. MiR-381-3p restored the inflammatory response and myocardial dysfunction caused by sepsis via HMGB1.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MicroRNA-381-3p signatures as a diagnostic marker in patients with sepsis and modulates sepsis-steered cardiac damage and inflammation by binding HMGB1

et al. 2021

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“…miRNAs are a class of small RNA molecules, 18-25 nucleotides in length, which are involved in the regulation (repression) of mRNA translation and stability [69,71]. with various forensic applications including body fluid identification [250].…”

Section: Associating Donor and Body Fluidmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Identification of Body Fluids and Tissues: A Crucial Link in the Investigation and Solution of Crime

Sijen

Harbison

2021

Genes

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Body fluid and body tissue identification are important in forensic science as they can provide key evidence in a criminal investigation and may assist the court in reaching conclusions. Establishing a link between identifying the fluid or tissue and the DNA profile adds further weight to this evidence. Many forensic laboratories retain techniques for the identification of biological fluids that have been widely used for some time. More recently, many different biomarkers and technologies have been proposed for identification of body fluids and tissues of forensic relevance some of which are now used in forensic casework. Here, we summarize the role of body fluid/ tissue identification in the evaluation of forensic evidence, describe how such evidence is detected at the crime scene and in the laboratory, elaborate different technologies available to do this, and reflect real life experiences. We explain how, by including this information, crucial links can be made to aid in the investigation and solution of crime.

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“…In this context, forensic molecular pathology includes applying omics sciences to investigate the genetic basis and the cause of death at the molecular biological level. Today many genomic investigations carry out an analysis of the genetic background (9)(10)(11), study the dynamics of gene expression (transcriptomics) is also playing an important role (12)(13)(14), as well as vital phenomena involving activated biological mediators and their degenerative products (proteomics) (15), and finally, the analysis of the different metabolites involved (metabolomics) (16)(17)(18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic Impact of the Omics Science Involved in the Wound: A Systematic Review

et al. 2022

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Background: In forensic autopsies, examining the wounds is one of the most critical aspects to clarify the causal relationship between the cause of death and the wounds observed on the corpse. However, on many occasions, it is difficult to differentiate antemortem injuries from post-mortem injuries, mainly when they occur very close to the moment of death. At present, various studies try to find biomarkers and clarify the molecular mechanisms involved in a wound due to the high variability of conditions in which they occur, thus being one of the most challenging problems in forensic pathology. This review aimed to study the omics data to determine the main lines of investigation emerging in the diagnosis of vital injuries, time of appearance, estimation of the age and vitality of the wound, and its possible contributions to the forensic field.Methods: A systematic review of the human wound concerning forensic science was carried out by following PRISMA guidelines.Results: This study sheds light on the role of omics research during the process of wounding, identifying different cytokines and other inflammatory mediators, as well as cells involved in the specific stage of the wound healing process, show great use in estimating the age of a wound. On the other hand, the expression levels of skin enzymes, proteins, metal ions, and other biomarkers play an essential role in differentiating vital and post-mortem wounds. More recent studies have begun to analyze and quantify mRNA from different genes that encode proteins that participate in the inflammation phase of a wound and miRNAs related to various cellular processes.Conclusions: This study sheds light on the role of research in the molecular characterization of vital wounds, heralding a promising future for molecular characterization of wounds in the field of forensic pathology, opening up an important new area of research.Systematic Review Registration: URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#myprospero, Identifier: CRD42021286623.

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MicroRNAs: An Update of Applications in Forensic Science

Cited by 43 publications

References 152 publications

MicroRNA-381-3p signatures as a diagnostic marker in patients with sepsis and modulates sepsis-steered cardiac damage and inflammation by binding HMGB1

MicroRNA-381-3p signatures as a diagnostic marker in patients with sepsis and modulates sepsis-steered cardiac damage and inflammation by binding HMGB1

On the Identification of Body Fluids and Tissues: A Crucial Link in the Investigation and Solution of Crime

Forensic Impact of the Omics Science Involved in the Wound: A Systematic Review

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