Micronutrient Intake in Healthy Toddlers: A Multinational Perspective

Abstract

Adequate nutrient intake during early childhood is of particular importance for optimal growth and future health. However, cross-national comparative research on nutrient intake of toddlers is still limited. We conducted a literature review to examine the nutrient intake in healthy toddlers from some of the world’s most populous nations currently on different stages of socioeconomic development: Brazil, Germany, Russia and the United States. We aimed to identify national surveys reporting mean intakes of the following nutrients: vitamins A, D, E, folate, calcium, iron and zinc. To calculate the prevalence of inadequate nutrient intake, we used a modified version of the Estimated Average Requirement cut-point method. Overall, five studies with 6756 toddlers were eligible for inclusion in this review. In countries where data were available, a prevalence of inadequate intake higher than 20% was found for vitamins A, D, E and calcium. In Germany, folate intake also appeared to be inadequate. The results of our review indicate that inadequate micronutrient intake in toddlers might be a global challenge affecting also affluent countries. However, to explore the full scope of this important public health issue joint efforts of researchers worldwide are needed to combine existing data and fill in data gaps.

On–off Bodipy chemosensor for recognition of iron(III) ion based on the inner filter effect and its applications in cellular and bacterial imaging

“…), which shows the good stability of compound 1 and iron(III) ions within the investigated pH window. Thus, compound 1 could detect iron(III) ions over a wide pH range .…”

“…Iron deficiency results in poor work performance and decreased immunity . However, excessive iron(III) ions are also hazardous to public health because of the association of iron with the development of severe diseases including various cancers, organ dysfunction and hepatitis . Therefore, the quantitative determination of iron(III) in environmental samples is of great importance and intense research efforts have been devoted to developing methods for iron(III) ion detection .…”

Fat structure and composition in human milk and infant formulas: Implications in infant health

“…Moreover, studies suggest that most toddlers do not meet the estimated daily requirement for calcium. 31 , 32 The formation of calcium soaps and consequent calcium losses may have long-term implications on bone health in infants. 30 , 33 Loss of LCSFAs as soaps, also leads to loss of energy.…”

Considerations for Secondary Prevention of Nutritional Deficiencies in High-Risk Groups in High-Income Countries

“…Population groups at particular risk of nutrient deficiencies include women of childbearing age, especially pregnant and lactating women [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ], infants and toddlers [ 34 , 35 ], children [ 33 , 36 ], adolescents [ 31 ], older adults [ 33 , 34 , 37 ], obese individuals [ 38 ], and the critically ill [ 17 ]. Based on representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), the US Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion classified vitamins A, C, D, E, and folate, calcium, and magnesium as “nutrients of concern” that may pose a substantial public health concern in the general US population [ 29 ].…”