Micronuclei in Exfoliated Buccal Cells of Children Living in a Cluster Area of Salento (Southern Italy) with a High Incidence of Lung Cancer: The IMP.AIR Study

Idolo, Adele; Grassi, Tiziana; Bagordo, Francesco; Panìco, Alessandra; Giorgi, Maria Grazia De; Serio, Francesca; Guido, Marcello; Piscitelli, Prisco; Filippis, Giovanni De; Raho, Annamaria; Donno, Antonella De

doi:10.3390/ijerph15081659

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Villarini et al [64] reported a mean MN frequency of 0.53 ± 0.61 MN% in 237 children living in Brescia, an Italian town located in the Po Valley, an area known to be highly polluted. Finally, 122 6-8-year-old children living in a rural area of Salento with moderate industrial activities showed a mean MN frequency of 0.49 ± 0.65 MN% [46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The epithelial buccal cells from each child were collected by gently scraping the inner surface of both cheeks with a small-headed toothbrush as described in Idolo et al [46]. The cells were then transferred into tubes containing Saccomanno's fixative (50% ethanol, 2% polyethylene glycol, v/v; solution diluted in water and stored at 4 • C).…”

Section: Anthropometric Measurements and Biological Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Micronucleus Frequency in Exfoliated Buccal Cells of Children Living in an Industrialized Area of Apulia (Italy)

Panìco

Grassi

Bagordo

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Micronuclei (MN) are biomarkers of early biological effect often used for detecting DNA damage in human population exposed to genotoxic agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of MN in exfoliated buccal cells of children living in an industrialized (impacted) area compared with that found in children living in a control area without significant anthropogenic impacts. A total of 462 6–8-year-old children (206 in the impacted area, 256 in the control area) attending primary school were enrolled. A questionnaire was administered to the parents of the recruited children to obtain information about personal data, lifestyles, and food habits of their children. Atmospheric particulate fractions were collected near the involved schools to assess the level of environmental exposure of the children. The presence of MN was highlighted in 68.4% of children living in the impacted area with a mean MN frequency of 0.66‰ ± 0.61‰. MN positivity and frequency were significantly lower in the control area (37.1% and 0.27‰ ± 0.43‰, respectively). The frequency of MN was positively associated with quasi-ultrafine particulate matter (PM0.5), traffic near the home, and consuming barbecued food; while adherence to the Mediterranean diet and practicing sport were negatively associated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Anthropometric Measurements and Biological Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micronucleus Frequency in Exfoliated Buccal Cells of Children Living in an Industrialized Area of Apulia (Italy)

Panìco

Grassi

Bagordo

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…However, many of the children participating in the study were found exposed to unhealthy factors concerning the domestic environment or lifestyles. These may have contributed to the occurrence of DNA alterations in children's exfoliated buccal cells, detectable through MNC [ 31 ]. In our study, we select individuals considering health and lifestyles, in order to reduce bias in the interpretation of the data.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The BMC assay assesses DNA damage and allows consideration to being a predictive biomarker, since an increase in nuclear abnormalities has been associated with genotoxicity and cancer cases [ 29 – 31 ]. Although the BMC assay has been utilized to evaluate genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in the Mexican population, currently, there are no studies that evaluate the effects of air pollution in healthy young adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytogenotoxicity Evaluation of Young Adults Exposed to High Levels of Air Pollution in a Mexican Metropolitan Zone Using Buccal Micronucleus Cytome Assay

González-Santiago

Zúñiga‐González

Gómez‐Meda

et al. 2021

BioMed Research International

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Air pollution has become a serious public health problem globally. Recent studies support the harmful effect of air pollution on human health, in addition to scientific evidence that recognizes it as a human carcinogen. The buccal micronucleus cytome (BMC) assay is employed extensively to measure cytotoxic and genotoxic damage in a population exposed to environmental contamination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in healthy young adults exposed to different levels of air pollution and to identify areas with air pollution rates above the regulatory limits. This study was performed through the BMC assay in oral mucosa samples from 80 healthy young adults from the Guadalajara metropolitan zone. Three highly contaminated areas were taken into account: Tlaquepaque, Miravalle, and Las Pintas. Las Aguilas, a less contaminated area, was used as a reference. The frequencies of nuclear abnormalities in the areas with the highest and lowest levels of air pollution were compared with the Mann–Whitney U test. In addition, an analysis of the concentration of environmental pollutants, particulate matter ≤ 10 μ m (PM10), ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and carbon monoxide (CO), were carried out in the mentioned areas, in order to identify the events above the regulatory limits in a year period. The results showed that young adults exposed to a higher concentration of pollutants showed higher frequencies of nuclear abnormalities. The individuals from the areas of Tlaquepaque, Miravalle, and Las Pintas showed cytotoxic damage since statistically significant differences were found in the abnormalities of pyknotic nuclei (PNs), condensed chromatin (CC), karyorrhexis (KX), and karyolysis (KL). The individuals who showed the most cytotoxic damage were from the Las Pintas area with higher frequencies in nuclear abnormalities (PNs, CC, KX, and KL) ( p < 0.0001 ). Genotoxic damage was found in individuals from two zones, Miravalle and Las Pintas, with statistically significant differences in the abnormality of nuclear buds (NBUDs) ( p < 0.0001 ). Our results suggest that exposure to high levels of air pollution in healthy young adults has an effect on cellular and nuclear integrity and thus in human health, since areas with higher air pollution showed an increase in cytotoxicity, specifically in early and late markers of cell death (CC, KX, PN, and KL) and genotoxic damage (BUDs).

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“…However, findings of the same type in other tissues were inconclusive. Research in a small cohort of Mexican children did not identify an association between adiposity and nuclear anomalies in the buccal epithelium, yet a more recent study in Italian children found a significant link between childhood obesity and MNi formation in the same tissue [ 39 , 40 ]. Similarly, there are discrepancies in studies of oxidative DNA damage in children with obesity; one reports positive correlations between obesity status in childhood and serum 8-OHdG, and two reports higher levels of 8-OHdG in urine samples [ 41 – 43 ], while the fourth study of urinary 8-OHdG and BMI in Italian children reports an inverse correlation [ 44 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity, oxidative DNA damage and vitamin D as predictors of genomic instability in children and adolescents

et al. 2021

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Background/objectives Epidemiological evidence indicates obesity in childhood and adolescence to be an independent risk factor for cancer and premature mortality in adulthood. Pathological implications from excess adiposity may begin early in life. Obesity is concurrent with a state of chronic inflammation, a well-known aetiological factor for DNA damage. In addition, obesity has been associated with micro-nutritional deficiencies. Vitamin D has attracted attention for its anti-inflammatory properties and role in genomic integrity and stability. The aim of this study was to determine a novel approach for predicting genomic instability via the combined assessment of adiposity, DNA damage, systemic inflammation, and vitamin D status. Subjects/methods We carried out a cross-sectional study with 132 participants, aged 10–18, recruited from schools and paediatric obesity clinics in London. Anthropometric assessments included BMI Z-score, waist and hip circumference, and body fat percentage via bioelectrical impedance. Inflammation and vitamin D levels in saliva were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Oxidative DNA damage was determined via quantification of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine in urine. Exfoliated cells from the oral cavity were scored for genomic instability via the buccal cytome assay. Results As expected, comparisons between participants with obesity and normal range BMI showed significant differences in anthropometric measures (p < 0.001). Significant differences were also observed in some measures of genomic instability (p < 0.001). When examining relationships between variables for all participants, markers of adiposity positively correlated with acquired oxidative DNA damage (p < 0.01) and genomic instability (p < 0.001), and negatively correlated with vitamin D (p < 0.01). Multiple regression analyses identified obesity (p < 0.001), vitamin D (p < 0.001), and oxidative DNA damage (p < 0.05) as the three significant predictors of genomic instability. Conclusions Obesity, oxidative DNA damage, and vitamin D deficiency are significant predictors of genomic instability. Non-invasive biomonitoring and predictive modelling of genomic instability in young patients with obesity may contribute to the prioritisation and severity of clinical intervention measures.

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Micronuclei in Exfoliated Buccal Cells of Children Living in a Cluster Area of Salento (Southern Italy) with a High Incidence of Lung Cancer: The IMP.AIR Study

Cited by 20 publications

References 46 publications

Micronucleus Frequency in Exfoliated Buccal Cells of Children Living in an Industrialized Area of Apulia (Italy)

Micronucleus Frequency in Exfoliated Buccal Cells of Children Living in an Industrialized Area of Apulia (Italy)

Cytogenotoxicity Evaluation of Young Adults Exposed to High Levels of Air Pollution in a Mexican Metropolitan Zone Using Buccal Micronucleus Cytome Assay

Obesity, oxidative DNA damage and vitamin D as predictors of genomic instability in children and adolescents

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