Microfluidic Device for the Identification of Biological Sex by Analysis of Latent Fingermark Deposits

Abstract

To date, most research regarding amino acid detection and quantification in fingermarks relies on spectrometric methods. Herein, the Sakaguchi colorimetric test was adapted to a rotationally-driven microfluidic platform and used to detect and quantify arginine in fingermarks deposited by male and female donors. A red color indicates the presence of arginine in a given sample following the reaction, and the intensity of this color is linearly proportional to the concentration. Objective detection and quantification of arginine were accomplished using image analysis software (freeware) based on this colorimetric result. The mean concentrations obtained in a blind study were 96.4 ± 5.1 µM for samples from female donors and 55.3 ± 5.3 µM for samples from males. These were not statistically different from the literature values of 94.8 µM ± 12.9 µM for females (p = 0.908) and 54.0 ± 12.6 µM for males (p = 0.914), respectively (± SEM in all cases). Conversely, the experimental means from males and female samples were statistically different from each other (p < 0.001). Objective differentiation between male and female fingermark deposits was achieved in a blind study with 93% accuracy. Additionally, the method was compatible both with samples lifted from common surfaces and with magnetically-powdered samples.

Interpol review of fingermarks and other body impressions (2019 – 2022)

“…Sex determination – Overview of the approaches aiming at determining the sex of donors from their fingermarks: analysis of the peptide and protein content of natural fingermarks by MALDI-MSP [ 171 ], identification of limitation factors (e.g., presence of PEG-based polymers from cosmetics) and claimed success rates ranging from ∼70% to 85%, according to the chosen scoring strategy solubilization of fingermarks and introduction into a microfluidic platform containing a colorimetric test targeting arginine [ 172 ] – claimed success rate above 90% solubilization of fingermarks and measure of the fluorescence intensity induced by IND [ 173 ] – unsuccessful analysis of sebum-rich fingermarks on glass by Raman spectroscopy, combined with chemometrics [ 174 ] – claimed success rate above 80%. …”

“…solubilization of fingermarks and introduction into a microfluidic platform containing a colorimetric test targeting arginine [ 172 ] – claimed success rate above 90%…”