Microflora modulates endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal mucosa of the rat

Uribe, A.; Alam, Mahbub; Johansson, Ӧlle; Midtvedt, Tore; Theodorsson, Elvar

doi:10.1016/0016-5085(94)90526-6

Cited by 154 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…31 Rapid weight gain in early infancy may reflect on the one hand a genetic predisposition to overweight, which is a programming initiated during the fetal period, or the mode of infant feeding, that is, formula feeding rather than breastfeeding, 32 or the early introduction of solid foods; 33 this being not the case in the present population. 22 Alternatively, and hence more likely, excessive weight gain during the first months of life may be a consequence of failure in establishing anti-inflammatory and tolerogenic responses to the initial environmental challenge that derives from indigenous gut microbes, thus creating a low-grade inflammatory state characteristic of obesity and metabolic disorders, 34 not to forget the impact of gut microbiota on the release of several energy balance-controlling gut hormones 35 and on the host metabolism. 10 Indeed, recent experimental studies have provided evidence pointing to the gut microbiota as an important contributor in the host energy harvest and nutrient metabolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of perinatal probiotic intervention on the development of overweight and obesity: follow-up study from birth to 10 years

et al. 2010

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Background: The achievements in combating the increasing trend of overweight and obesity have thus far been inadequate. The recently discovered instrumental role of the gut microbiota in host metabolism may offer a novel target in the prevention and management of obesity. Objective: To evaluate the impact of perinatal probiotic intervention on childhood growth patterns and the development of overweight during a 10-year follow-up. Patients and methods: Altogether 159 women were randomized and double-blinded to receive probiotics (1 Â 10 10 colonyforming units of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, ATCC 53103) or placebo 4 weeks before expected delivery; the intervention extending for 6 months postnatally. Anthropometric measurements of the children were taken at the ages of 3, 6, 12 and 24 months and at 4, 7 and 10 years in 113 (72%) children. Results: The excessive weight gain was detected to be two-parted; the initial phase of excessive weight gain initiating during fetal period and continuing until 24-48 months of age and a second phase of excessive weight gain starting after the age of 24-48 months. The perinatal probiotic intervention appeared to moderate the initial phase of excessive weight gain, especially among children who later became overweight, but not the second phase of excessive weight gain, the impact being most pronounced at the age of 4 years (P ¼ 0.063, analysis of variance for repeated measures). The effect of intervention was also shown as a tendency to reduce the birth-weight-adjusted mean body mass index at the age of 4 years (P ¼ 0.080, analysis of covariance). Conclusions: Early gut microbiota modulation with probiotics may modify the growth pattern of the child by restraining excessive weight gain during the first years of life. This novel observation calls for further epidemiological and clinical trials, with precise data on early growth patterns and on confounding factors influencing weight development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of perinatal probiotic intervention on the development of overweight and obesity: follow-up study from birth to 10 years

et al. 2010

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“…For example, some observations lend support to the hypothesis that the capacity for synthesizing diverse carbohydrate structures may have arisen in part from our need both to evade pathogenic relationships and to coevolve in symbiotic relationships with our nonpathogenic resident microbes (161). The intraluminal microbiota influences the release of biologically active gastrointestinal peptides, and contributes to regulating gastrointestinal endocrine cells and the epithelial structure (384). Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron is one such bacterial symbiont that is a dominant member of the intestinal microbiota of mammals, including human beings (70,159).…”

Section: Intestinal Functionsmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Front Line of Enteric Host Defense against Unwelcome Intrusion of Harmful Microorganisms: Mucins, Antimicrobial Peptides, and Microbiota

2006

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SUMMARY The intestinal tract is a complex ecosystem that combines resident microbiota and the cells of various phenotypes with complex metabolic activities that line the epithelial wall. The intestinal cells that make up the epithelium provide physical and chemical barriers that protect the host against the unwanted intrusion of microorganisms that hijack the cellular molecules and signaling pathways of the host and become pathogenic. Some of the organisms making up the intestinal microbiota also have microbicidal effects that contribute to the barrier against enteric pathogens. This review describes the two cell lineages present in the intestinal epithelium: the goblet cells and the Paneth cells, both of which play a pivotal role in the first line of enteric defense by producing mucus and antimicrobial peptides, respectively. We also analyze recent insights into the intestinal microbiota and the mechanisms by which some resident species act as a barrier to enteric pathogens. Moreover, this review examines whether the cells producing mucins or antimicrobial peptides and the resident microbiota act in partnership and whether they function individually and/or synergistically to provide the host with an effective front line of defense against harmful enteric pathogens.

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“…The regulation of intestinal epithelial cell proliferation has been studied extensively in the context of colorectal cancer (CRC), which has revealed canonical Wnt signaling as a key regulator of cell division and differentiation (2). Another contributing factor to rates of intestinal epithelial cell proliferation is the associated microbial community, as indicated by the paucity of proliferating cells in the intestines of germ-free (GF) rodents and zebrafish (3)(4)(5). However, the mechanisms underlying microbiota-induced cell proliferation are poorly understood.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epithelial cell proliferation in the developing zebrafish intestine is regulated by the Wnt pathway and microbial signaling via Myd88

Cheesman

Neal

Mittge

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

240

206

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Rates of cell proliferation in the vertebrate intestinal epithelium are modulated by intrinsic signaling pathways and extrinsic cues. Here, we report that epithelial cell proliferation in the developing zebrafish intestine is stimulated both by the presence of the resident microbiota and by activation of Wnt signaling. We find that the response to microbial proliferation-promoting signals requires Myd88 but not TNF receptor, implicating host innate immune pathways but not inflammation in the establishment of homeostasis in the developing intestinal epithelium. We show that loss of axin1, a component of the β-catenin destruction complex, results in greater than WT levels of intestinal epithelial cell proliferation. Compared with conventionally reared axin1 mutants, germ-free axin1 mutants exhibit decreased intestinal epithelial cell proliferation, whereas monoassociation with the resident intestinal bacterium Aeromonas veronii results in elevated epithelial cell proliferation. Disruption of β-catenin signaling by deletion of the β-catenin coactivator tcf4 partially decreases the proliferation-promoting capacity of A. veronii. We show that numbers of intestinal epithelial cells with cytoplasmic β-catenin are reduced in the absence of the microbiota in both WT and axin1 mutants and elevated in animals' monoassociated A. veronii. Collectively, these data demonstrate that resident intestinal bacteria enhance the stability of β-catenin in intestinal epithelial cells and promote cell proliferation in the developing vertebrate intestine.axin1 | β-catenin | germ-free | intestinal epithelial cell | microbiota

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Microflora modulates endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal mucosa of the rat

Cited by 154 publications

References 31 publications

The impact of perinatal probiotic intervention on the development of overweight and obesity: follow-up study from birth to 10 years

The impact of perinatal probiotic intervention on the development of overweight and obesity: follow-up study from birth to 10 years

The Front Line of Enteric Host Defense against Unwelcome Intrusion of Harmful Microorganisms: Mucins, Antimicrobial Peptides, and Microbiota

Epithelial cell proliferation in the developing zebrafish intestine is regulated by the Wnt pathway and microbial signaling via Myd88

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