Microflora in Maxillofacial Infections—A Changing Scenario?

Yuvaraj, V.; Alexander, Mohan; Pasupathy, Sanjay

doi:10.1016/j.joms.2011.02.006

Cited by 21 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Oral anaerobes, particularly genera Porphyromonas , Fusobacterium , Prevotella , Peptostreptococcus , and facultative oral streptococci, frequently associated with enteric microorganisms, are the commonest pathogens that cause deep neck infections [4, 5, 86, 90, 91]. More than two-thirds of deep neck infections contain β -lactamase-producing organisms, which may affect the efficacy of antimicrobial agents [86].…”

Section: Deep Head and Neck Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More than two-thirds of deep neck infections contain β -lactamase-producing organisms, which may affect the efficacy of antimicrobial agents [86]. In cases of fistulization of neck infection, coagulase-negative staphylococci are the most frequently involved [86] and some strains are methicillin-resistant [5, 85]. In some cases, unsuspected microorganisms may be present, such as pseudomonas and members of the Burkholderia cepacia group [89].…”

Section: Deep Head and Neck Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their prevalence is significantly higher in developing countries, with poor socioeconomic conditions, and where standards of oral hygiene and health are unsatisfactory [2, 3]. Although most orofacial infections are sensitive to a clinical and antimicrobial treatments, in some patients, these infections may be refractory, and these cases demand a multidisciplinary approach [2, 4, 5]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbiota Associated with Infections of the Jaws

Gaetti‐Jardim

Landucci

Oliveira

et al. 2012

International Journal of Dentistry

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The microbial infections involving the craniofacial skeleton, particularly maxilla and mandible, have direct relationship with the dental biofilm, with predominance of obligate anaerobes. In some patients, these infections may spread to bone marrow or facial soft tissues, producing severe and life-threatening septic conditions. In such cases, local treatment associated with systemic antimicrobials should be used in order to eradicate the sources of contamination. This paper discuss the possibility of spread of these infections and their clinical implications for dentistry, as well as their etiology and aspects related to microbial virulence and pathogenesis.

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Section: Deep Head and Neck Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Deep Head and Neck Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbiota Associated with Infections of the Jaws

Gaetti‐Jardim

Landucci

Oliveira

et al. 2012

International Journal of Dentistry

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“…Although most surgeons deal with them successfully and expeditiously, a vague and inadequate knowledge of the organisms involved persists [5,[11][12]30]. …”

Section: The Need For Better Antimicrobial Targetingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The compositions include one or more digestive enzymes, e.g., one or more protease, lipases, and amylases [42]. Enzyme compositions may destroy the biofilm which is enhanced by E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus also acts in a synergistic manner, similar to that of E. coli, thereby contributing to increased resistance of the microbial biofilm [14,30]. WO2010080830 [43] patent describes a topical or local composition useful for treating or preventing Staphylococcus aureus infection e.g.…”

Section: Anti-biofilm Growth / Enzyme Activity Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Antimicrobial Agents for the Management of Maxillofacial and Neck Infections

Valasidis

Kyrgidis²,

Tzellos³

et al. 2012

PRI

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Background: Maxillofacial and head & neck infections often jeopardize patients' lives. Regional intracranial spread to the cavernous sinus, but also to the mediastinum is common for those left untreated. The divergence of the upper peptic and respiratory tracts from the pharynx, the presence of the brain vasculature, the fine sensory instruments for vision, hearing and taste-smell, and the unique feature of mucosa directly attached to facial bones in the paranasal sinuses, oral cavity and external auditory meatus make this region the most exposed to infections in the human body. Special immune mechanisms have evolved in this area, however infections are still very common.Methods & Results: We review the unique pathophysiological features of maxillofacial and head & neck infections. We describe novel investigational anti-infective agents, and analyze their potential clinical utility with regard to mechanisms of action and site preference.Discussion: We emphasize on the need for more antimicrobial drug research and discuss on the current skews in pharmaceutical research and manufacturing practices that make new categories of antimicrobial drugs an exceptional entity. Drug patents may need to be expanded both longitudinally in terms of time period but also squarely, potentially including the drug class in the patent rather than the drug itself. Clinicians need to be aware of these limitations and prescribe antibiotics to their patients with parsimony.

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