Microcystic adnexal carcinoma

Microcystic Adnexal Carcinoma: An Often Misdiagnosed, Locally Aggressive Growing Skin Tumor

“…The literature suggests that misdiagnosis as desmoplastic trichoepithelioma, which initially occurred in our patient, is typical for MAC. 4,6,16,18,23 In this case report, we wish to stress how important it is to consider MAC in the differential diagnosis of tumors in the head and neck region in addition to squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma. This is especially urgent because patients with MAC can be cured by an early radical excision of the tumor controlled by Mohs' micrographic surgery 22 or histographic surgery, as described by Breuninger and Schaumburg-Lever.…”

“…The deeper component has smaller nests and strands of cells in a hyalinized stroma, leading to a scirrhous appearance. 6,7,13,16,17,35,38 Immunohistochemical staining plays a less important role in the diagnosis of MAC, but staining for CEA-positive tumor cells can improve the accuracy of tumor margin determination, especially in cases with extensive perineural infiltration, 8,13,17,23,28 and it can help to differentiate MAC from other adnexal tumors. 1 The most important histopathologic differential diagnoses of MAC are sclerodermiform basal cell carcinoma and desmoplastic trichoepithelioma.…”

“…4,11,25,26 Because MAC almost always occurs in the head and neck region 1-5,7-10,27 exposure to solar or x-ray radiation may be of etiologic significance. 1,3,5,18,23,28 In several cases the patients had previously received radiotherapy for adolescent acne or cancers. 1,4,5,[28][29][30][31] At the time of diagnosis the patients' ages range from 18 years to 82 years, but most patients are beyond 60 years.…”

“…12,28,[33][34][35] The extensive infiltration of deep structures often necessitates an extensive tumor resection, which exceeds the size of the clinically visible tumor many times over. 2,23,28 In some cases, late diagnosis can mean that the tumors have become inoperable, especially if there is evident involvement of the skull base. Frequently, perineural infiltration makes it even more difficult to determine the tumor margins in histopathologic slides.…”

Microcystic Adnexal Carcinoma: An Often Misdiagnosed, Locally Aggressive Growing Skin Tumor

“…The literature suggests that misdiagnosis as desmoplastic trichoepithelioma, which initially occurred in our patient, is typical for MAC. 4,6,16,18,23 In this case report, we wish to stress how important it is to consider MAC in the differential diagnosis of tumors in the head and neck region in addition to squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma. This is especially urgent because patients with MAC can be cured by an early radical excision of the tumor controlled by Mohs' micrographic surgery 22 or histographic surgery, as described by Breuninger and Schaumburg-Lever.…”

“…The deeper component has smaller nests and strands of cells in a hyalinized stroma, leading to a scirrhous appearance. 6,7,13,16,17,35,38 Immunohistochemical staining plays a less important role in the diagnosis of MAC, but staining for CEA-positive tumor cells can improve the accuracy of tumor margin determination, especially in cases with extensive perineural infiltration, 8,13,17,23,28 and it can help to differentiate MAC from other adnexal tumors. 1 The most important histopathologic differential diagnoses of MAC are sclerodermiform basal cell carcinoma and desmoplastic trichoepithelioma.…”

“…4,11,25,26 Because MAC almost always occurs in the head and neck region 1-5,7-10,27 exposure to solar or x-ray radiation may be of etiologic significance. 1,3,5,18,23,28 In several cases the patients had previously received radiotherapy for adolescent acne or cancers. 1,4,5,[28][29][30][31] At the time of diagnosis the patients' ages range from 18 years to 82 years, but most patients are beyond 60 years.…”

“…12,28,[33][34][35] The extensive infiltration of deep structures often necessitates an extensive tumor resection, which exceeds the size of the clinically visible tumor many times over. 2,23,28 In some cases, late diagnosis can mean that the tumors have become inoperable, especially if there is evident involvement of the skull base. Frequently, perineural infiltration makes it even more difficult to determine the tumor margins in histopathologic slides.…”

Recurrent facial microcystic adnexal carcinoma and hair transplantation on scar site

“…33 Sixteen of 84 published MAC cases in the literature, have declared a history of prior exposure to radiations, with 19.05% incidence. 8,17,19,28,31,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] As the rate of MAC recurrence after monotherapy with radiotherapy is high, 1,8,45 it is not commonly suggested to use radiotherapy as definitive monotherapy for patients with MAC. But as adjuvant therapy, it may be useful in subset of patients who have undergone WLE or MMS without achieving a tumor free margin and are at high risk of recurrence.…”

Microcystic Adnexal Carcinoma: An Often Misdiagnosed, Locally Aggressive Growing Skin Tumor

“…The literature suggests that misdiagnosis as desmoplastic trichoepithelioma, which initially occurred in our patient, is typical for MAC. 4,6,16,18,23 In this case report, we wish to stress how important it is to consider MAC in the differential diagnosis of tumors in the head and neck region in addition to squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma. This is especially urgent because patients with MAC can be cured by an early radical excision of the tumor controlled by Mohs' micrographic surgery 22 or histographic surgery, as described by Breuninger and Schaumburg-Lever.…”

“…The deeper component has smaller nests and strands of cells in a hyalinized stroma, leading to a scirrhous appearance. 6,7,13,16,17,35,38 Immunohistochemical staining plays a less important role in the diagnosis of MAC, but staining for CEA-positive tumor cells can improve the accuracy of tumor margin determination, especially in cases with extensive perineural infiltration, 8,13,17,23,28 and it can help to differentiate MAC from other adnexal tumors. 1 The most important histopathologic differential diagnoses of MAC are sclerodermiform basal cell carcinoma and desmoplastic trichoepithelioma.…”

“…4,11,25,26 Because MAC almost always occurs in the head and neck region 1-5,7-10,27 exposure to solar or x-ray radiation may be of etiologic significance. 1,3,5,18,23,28 In several cases the patients had previously received radiotherapy for adolescent acne or cancers. 1,4,5,[28][29][30][31] At the time of diagnosis the patients' ages range from 18 years to 82 years, but most patients are beyond 60 years.…”

“…12,28,[33][34][35] The extensive infiltration of deep structures often necessitates an extensive tumor resection, which exceeds the size of the clinically visible tumor many times over. 2,23,28 In some cases, late diagnosis can mean that the tumors have become inoperable, especially if there is evident involvement of the skull base. Frequently, perineural infiltration makes it even more difficult to determine the tumor margins in histopathologic slides.…”

Recurrent facial microcystic adnexal carcinoma and hair transplantation on scar site

“…33 Sixteen of 84 published MAC cases in the literature, have declared a history of prior exposure to radiations, with 19.05% incidence. 8,17,19,28,31,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] As the rate of MAC recurrence after monotherapy with radiotherapy is high, 1,8,45 it is not commonly suggested to use radiotherapy as definitive monotherapy for patients with MAC. But as adjuvant therapy, it may be useful in subset of patients who have undergone WLE or MMS without achieving a tumor free margin and are at high risk of recurrence.…”

Microcystic Adnexal Carcinoma: An Often Misdiagnosed, Locally Aggressive Growing Skin Tumor

“…The literature suggests that misdiagnosis as desmoplastic trichoepithelioma, which initially occurred in our patient, is typical for MAC. 4,6,16,18,23 In this case report, we wish to stress how important it is to consider MAC in the differential diagnosis of tumors in the head and neck region in addition to squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma. This is especially urgent because patients with MAC can be cured by an early radical excision of the tumor controlled by Mohs' micrographic surgery 22 or histographic surgery, as described by Breuninger and Schaumburg-Lever.…”

“…The deeper component has smaller nests and strands of cells in a hyalinized stroma, leading to a scirrhous appearance. 6,7,13,16,17,35,38 Immunohistochemical staining plays a less important role in the diagnosis of MAC, but staining for CEA-positive tumor cells can improve the accuracy of tumor margin determination, especially in cases with extensive perineural infiltration, 8,13,17,23,28 and it can help to differentiate MAC from other adnexal tumors. 1 The most important histopathologic differential diagnoses of MAC are sclerodermiform basal cell carcinoma and desmoplastic trichoepithelioma.…”

“…4,11,25,26 Because MAC almost always occurs in the head and neck region 1-5,7-10,27 exposure to solar or x-ray radiation may be of etiologic significance. 1,3,5,18,23,28 In several cases the patients had previously received radiotherapy for adolescent acne or cancers. 1,4,5,[28][29][30][31] At the time of diagnosis the patients' ages range from 18 years to 82 years, but most patients are beyond 60 years.…”

“…12,28,[33][34][35] The extensive infiltration of deep structures often necessitates an extensive tumor resection, which exceeds the size of the clinically visible tumor many times over. 2,23,28 In some cases, late diagnosis can mean that the tumors have become inoperable, especially if there is evident involvement of the skull base. Frequently, perineural infiltration makes it even more difficult to determine the tumor margins in histopathologic slides.…”

Recurrent facial microcystic adnexal carcinoma and hair transplantation on scar site

“…33 Sixteen of 84 published MAC cases in the literature, have declared a history of prior exposure to radiations, with 19.05% incidence. 8,17,19,28,31,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] As the rate of MAC recurrence after monotherapy with radiotherapy is high, 1,8,45 it is not commonly suggested to use radiotherapy as definitive monotherapy for patients with MAC. But as adjuvant therapy, it may be useful in subset of patients who have undergone WLE or MMS without achieving a tumor free margin and are at high risk of recurrence.…”