Microbiota Phenotype Promotes Anastomotic Leakage in a Model of Rats with Ischemic Colon Resection

Abstract

Anastomotic leakage (AL) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after colorectal surgery, but the mechanism behind this complication is still not fully understood. Despite the advances in surgical techniques and perioperative care, the complication rates have remained steady. Recently, it has been suggested that colon microbiota may be involved in the development of complications after colorectal surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of gut microbiota in the development of colorectal AL and their possible virulence strategies to better understand the phenomenon. Using 16S rRNA sequencing of samples collected on the day of surgery and the sixth day following surgery, we analyzed the changes in tissue-associated microbiota at anastomotic sites created in a model of rats with ischemic colon resection. We discovered a trend for lower microbial diversity in the AL group compared to non-leak anastomosis (NLA). There were no differences in relative abundance in the different types of microbial respiration between these groups and the high abundance of the facultative anaerobic Gemella palaticanis is a marker species that stands out as a distinctive feature.

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: A Crucial Factor in Post-Surgical Abdominal Adhesion Formation

“…Perioperative interventions, such as bowel preparation, antibiotic administration, fasting, and the stress of surgery itself, can severely disrupt this delicate microbial balance [ 199 ]. Such disruptions, known as dysbiosis, may lead to nutrient depletion, diminished microbial diversity, and consequently, compromised anastomotic healing due to increased susceptibility to pathogenic bacteria [ 200 ]. Moreover, an altered gut microbiome can promote NET formation, a hypothesis supported by current studies [ 201 , 202 , 203 ].…”

Granule Dendrobii suppresses chronic atrophic gastritis induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine by modulating the gastrointestinal bacteria in rats

“…However, whether there are other pathogenic bacteria remains unknown. With advances in sequencing technology, mainly 16S rRNA sequencing, the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal bacteria (GB) has been gradually revealed (14)(15).…”

Microbiota in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Endometriosis: Birds of a Feather Flock Together—A Review

“…The involvement of the human intestinal microbiome has been firmly established in the pathophysiology of various gastrointestinal organic diseases, including colorectal polyps and cancer [ 12 , 13 ], inflammatory bowel diseases [ 14 ], and eosinophilic esophagitis [ 15 ]. Furthermore, it has been implicated in gastroparesis [ 16 , 17 ] and the occurrence of post-surgical complications [ 18 , 19 ] that necessitate endoscopic treatment [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”