Microbiota Metabolites in Health and Disease

McCarville, Justin L.; Chen, Grischa Y.; Cuevas, Víctor D.; Troha, Katia; Ayres, Janelle S.

doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-071219-125715

Cited by 162 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 199 publications

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“…39,40 Interestingly, these compounds are also used for interkingdom communication, and examples of microbe-host interactions that occur through small molecules and signaling mechanisms continue to be reported. [41][42][43][44] Recently, Uchimura et al demonstrated that there is an extensive penetration of a broad range of bacterial small molecules into host tissues, suggesting that the effects of microbial compounds on host physiology are likely to be much larger than currently appreciated. 7 Using metabolomics, we have previously shown that the human gut is teeming with small molecules, and that many of the molecules detected may represent new compounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive small molecules produced by the human gut microbiome modulate Vibrio cholerae sessile and planktonic lifestyles

et al. 2021

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Humans live in symbiosis with a diverse community of microorganisms, which has evolved to carry out many specific tasks that benefit the host, including protection against invading pathogens. Within the chemical diversity of the gastrointestinal tract, small molecules likely constitute chemical cues for the communication between the microbiota and pathogens. Therefore, we sought to investigate if molecules produced by the human gut microbiota show biological activity against the human pathogen Vibrio cholerae. To probe the effects of the gut metabolome on V. cholerae, we investigated its response to small-molecule extracts from human feces, from a complex bacterial community cultivated in vitro, and from culture supernatants of Enterocloster citroniae, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, and Bacteroides vulgatus. Using RNA sequencing, we determined the impact of the human gut metabolome on V. cholerae global gene expression. Among the genes downregulated in the presence of the fecal extract, the most overrepresented functional category was cell motility, which accounted for 39% of repressed genes. Repression of V. cholerae motility by the fecal extract was confirmed phenotypically, and E. citroniae extracts reproduced this phenotype. A complex in vitro microbial community led to increased motility, as did extracts from B. vulgatus, a species present in this community. Accordingly, mucin penetration was also repressed by fecal and E. citroniae extracts, suggesting that the phenotypes observed may have implications for host colonization. Together with previous studies, this work shows that small molecules from the gut metabolome may have a widespread, significant impact on microbe-microbe interactions established in the gut environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive small molecules produced by the human gut microbiome modulate Vibrio cholerae sessile and planktonic lifestyles

et al. 2021

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“…Until recently, gut health was mainly assessed through histological observations. The development of 16S RNA based on high throughput sequencing techniques has enabled the precise detection of complex microbial communities in animals gastrointestinal tract (GIT), named microbiota, which has been closely linked not only to digestion but also to immunity and resistance of the animals to diseases (Egerton et al, 2018;Kayama et al, 2020;McCarville et al, 2020). Diet composition is recognised as one of the major factors affecting this gut microbiota and dietary insects may subsequently modulate the gut microbiota of the animals feeding on these insects (Vogel et al, 2018).…”

Section: Microbiota Modulation and Gut Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the protein concept: health aspects of using edible insects on animals

Gasco

Józefiak

Henry

2021

JIFF

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There is an increasing interest in the use of insects in animal feed since they contain high proteins levels, lipids, vitamins and minerals. In particular, insect-derived proteins are seen as one of the potential solution to face the increasing protein shortage and are able to fully substitute soybean meal or fishmeal in aquaculture or livestock feeds. However, beside their interesting nutritional composition, insects are also rich in bioactive compounds such as chitin, antimicrobial peptides or specific fatty acids with immunostimulating, antimicrobial and/or anti-inflammatory properties able to sustain animal health, increase their resistance to diseases. Further studies will also have to investigate whether insects share similarities with bacterial or parasitical pathogens and may act as immunostimulants. These recent findings may launch insects beyond the protein concept into healthy animal feeds. This review presents the effects of insects and their bioactive compounds on fish and crustaceans, poultry, pigs and rabbits immune system, gut health, microbiota and resistance to diseases.

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“…Regarding cancer, many microbial metabolites have been classified as carcinogenic, with three main mechanisms by which they affect tumor development: (1) promotion of DNA damage; (2) immune system modulation; or (3) alteration of metabolite availability (Figure 2). In addition to circulating metabolites from the gut microbiota [137], microbes that reside within tumors of other organs are able to synthesize a multitude of metabolites. However, the vast majority of studied mechanisms have been in the context of the gut microbiome and CRC development.…”

Section: Contribution Of the Intratumoral Microbiota To Carcinogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

The microbiome(s) and cancer: know thy neighbor(s)

González-Sánchez

DeNicola

2021

The Journal of Pathology

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The human microbiome is essential for the correct functioning of many host physiological processes, including metabolic regulation and immune responses. Increasing evidence indicates that the microbiome may also influence cancer development, progression, and the response to therapy. Although most studies have focused on the effect of the gut microbiome, many other organs such as the skin, vagina, and lungs harbor their own microbiomes that are different from the gut. Tumor development has been associated with dysbiosis not only in the gut but also in the tissue from which the tumor originated. Furthermore, the intratumoral microbiota has a distinct signature in each tumor type. Here, we review the mechanisms by which the organ‐specific microbiome can contribute to carcinogenesis: release of toxins that cause DNA damage and barrier failure; alteration of immune responses to create a local inflammatory or immunosuppressive environment; and regulation of nutrient levels in the tumor microenvironment through metabolite production and consumption. Solving the puzzle of how the microbiome influences the carcinogenesis process and treatment response requires an understanding of the two ways the microbiome can interact with cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment: through systemic effects exerted by the gut microbiota and local effects of the intratumoral microbiota. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Microbiota Metabolites in Health and Disease

Cited by 162 publications

References 199 publications

Bioactive small molecules produced by the human gut microbiome modulate Vibrio cholerae sessile and planktonic lifestyles

Bioactive small molecules produced by the human gut microbiome modulate Vibrio cholerae sessile and planktonic lifestyles

Beyond the protein concept: health aspects of using edible insects on animals

The microbiome(s) and cancer: know thy neighbor(s)

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